Using the wedge technique we have directly compared the second-order nonlinear susceptibilities of infrared and visible nonlinear crystals. The measured nonlinear coefficient ratios at 2.12 \ensuremath{\mu}m relative to ${d}_{31}(\mathrm{LiI}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})$ are: for $\mathrm{LiNb}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}({d}_{33})$, 4.53 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 4.3; $\mathrm{GaP} ({d}_{36})$, 12.1 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.7; $\mathrm{GaAs} ({d}_{36})$, 26.9 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.1; $\mathrm{AgGa}{\mathrm{Se}}_{2} ({d}_{36})$, 10.5 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.2; $\mathrm{CdSe} ({d}_{33})$, 10.2 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.2. The measured ratios at 1.318 \ensuremath{\mu}m relative to ${d}_{31}(\mathrm{LiI}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})$ are: for $\mathrm{LiI}{\mathrm{O}}_{3} ({d}_{33})$, 0.990 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.05; $\mathrm{LiNb}{\mathrm{O}}_{3} ({d}_{31})$, 0.870 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.07; $\mathrm{LiNb}{\mathrm{O}}_{3} ({d}_{33})$, 4.66 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.56; $\mathrm{K}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}{\mathrm{PO}}_{4} ({d}_{36})$, 0.088 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.01; $\mathrm{GaP} ({d}_{36})$, 12.0 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.2. We have used the parametric fluorescence method to accurately measure the absolute second-order susceptibility of $\mathrm{LiI}{\mathrm{O}}_{3} ({d}_{31})$ and $\mathrm{LiNb}{\mathrm{O}}_{3} ({d}_{31})$ at 4880 and 5145 \AA{}. Our recommended values for ${d}_{31}(\mathrm{LiIO}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})=(7.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.62)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ and ${d}_{31}(\mathrm{LiNb}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})=(5.82\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.70)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ m/V agree very well with previous independent absolute measurements. By scaling the nonlinear susceptibilities through the relatively dispersionless Miller's $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ and using the wedge ratio results, we have, for the first time, established a uniform scale of nonlinear susceptibility values relative to ${d}_{31}(\mathrm{LiI}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})$ that extends from 0.488 to 10.6 \ensuremath{\mu}m in the infrared.

Accurate second-order susceptibility measurements of visible and infrared nonlinear crystals

The electro-optic, linear, and nonlinear optical properties of KDP and its isomorphs are reviewed. Figures of merit for doubling and tripling by sum-frequency generation are presented and used to compare and contrast these crystals for nonlinear optics devices. Current research areas, such as high-average-power applications, and optical damage resistance are reviewed.

Electro-optic, linear, and nonlinear optical properties of KDP and its isomorphs

The nonlinear optical susceptibility tensors of barium formate (point group 222) and magnesium barium fluoride (point group mm 2) have been determined by the method of Maker fringes on the basis of a more rigorous theoretical treatment of second-harmonic generation of electromagnetic waves in plane-parallel plates of optically biaxial crystals. The measurements have been carried out in comparison with the KDP standard at awavelength of 1.064 μm (Nd: YAG).

/pdf/nonlinear-optical-properties-of-orthorhombic-barium-formate-w6ux6w1ceh.pdf

Nonlinear optical properties of orthorhombic barium formate and magnesium barium fluoride

Second harmonic generation in fresnoite, Ba2TiSi2O8

Describes the phenomena fundamental to efficient optical frequency mixing of laser beams in transparent, acentric birefringent crystals, with particular emphasis on phase-matching, effective nonlinear coefficients and results for focused beams. Methods for measuring nonlinear coefficients, for predicting them by semi-empirical rules and for seeking improved crystals are reviewed. The properties of crystals known at this time to be useful for efficient phase-matched optical frequency mixing are tabulated; features important for the growth and preparation of samples with high optical quality are discussed. Recent achievements in applying the crystals are reviewed in sections on optical second-harmonic generation of laser light, optical parametric oscillators as tunable laser-like sources, infrared signal and image upconverters and difference-frequency generators. Applications to other technologies (piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, electro-optic modulation) are briefly mentioned. Prospects of developing improved crystals or of using existing crystals in more sophisticated ways are assessed.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/36/5/001/pdf

Nonlinear optical crystals and their applications

Measurement of the relative nonlinear coefficients of KDP, RDP, RDA, and LiIO3

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Measurement of the relative nonlinear coefficients of KDP, RDP, RDA, and LiIO3