(1975). Interaction of Methylenedioxyphenyl (1,3-Benzodioxole) Compounds with Enzymes and Their Effects on Mammals. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 231-301.

Interaction of Methylenedioxyphenyl (1,3-Benzodioxole) Compounds with Enzymes and Their Effects on Mammals

Metabolism of insecticides by mixed function oxidase systems

The methylene-C14 group is hydroxylated yielding formate-C14 in the microsome-reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate system in vitro and yielding expired C14O2, in living mice and houseflies. Methylenedioxyphenyl compounds apparently serve as alternate substrates for this enzymatic hydroxylation system of microsomes, and thus reduce the rate of metabolism and prolong the action of certain drugs and insecticide chemicals.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/153/3740/1130.full.pdf

Methylene-C14-Dioxyphenyl Compounds: Metabolism in Relation to Their Synergistic Action

Rapid industrialization and extensive use of pesticides in agriculture practices have contributed to the leaking of pesticide residues into water. Among them, organochlorines are highly toxic with half-lives of many years followed by organophosphates (OPs). Being banned in many countries, most of the pesticides are still persisting in the environment. Due to high perseverance, toxicity and potential to bioaccumulation, their removal is imperative. In this direction, conventional adsorbents such as commercial activated carbon, agricultural and natural waste were highly employed. In modern era, nanomaterials (including nanocomposites and nanobiocomposite) with high surface area come out as most economic, rapid and effective catalyst. TiO2 (photocatalyst) and Fe0 by itself or with oxidizing agents are playing a promising role in elimination of pesticide pollution and open the opportunities for exploring other nanoparticles as well. Further, their modified, doped or composites form showed enhanced characteristics due to introduction of new energy levels or increase in surface area. In contrast to TiO2 and Fe0, various nanostructured metal oxides found to degrade OP pesticides by rapid reactive adsorption followed by cleavage of P–O bond via SN2 mechanism. The present review focuses on the present status of pesticide removal using nanoparticles through adsorption together with photocatalytic or redox or reactive degradation. Herein, detailed information on several pesticides, problems related to pesticide, their metabolites, environmental concentration and need for degradation has been presented. In addition, importance of green synthesized nanoparticles along with limitation and potential health risk of nanomaterials in degradation of various organic pollutants has been highlighted.

Degradation of traditional and new emerging pesticides in water by nanomaterials: recent trends and future recommendations

Induction of microsomal enzymes in the southern armyworm (Prodenia eridania)

Metabolites of Carbaryl (1-Naphthyl Methylcarbamate) in Mammals and Enzymatic Systems for Their Formation

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Metabolites of Carbaryl (1-Naphthyl Methylcarbamate) in Mammals and Enzymatic Systems for Their Formation