This paper presents the evaluation of saturation and cross-magnetization effects in an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) over the entire range of direct- and quadrature-axis excitations. The conventional two-axis machine model is modified in order to include the influence of saturation and cross-coupling effects on the variation of self- and cross-coupling inductances in the direct and the quadrature axis. The two-axis machine model parameters are evaluated by experiments performed on an IPMSM using a controlled voltage-source inverter and are compared with parameter values evaluated by the finite-element method. The evaluation of two-axis machine model parameters reveals significant saturation and cross-magnetization effects in both axes, especially in the flux-weakening regime.

Evaluation of saturation and cross-magnetization effects in interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor

This paper presents the evaluation of saturation and cross-magnetization effects in an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) over the entire range of direct- and quadrature-axis excitations. The conventional two-axis machine model is modified in order to include the influence of saturation and cross-coupling effects on the variation of self- and cross-cou- pling inductances in the direct and the quadrature axis. The two-axis machine model parameters are evaluated by experiments performed on an IPMSM using a controlled voltage-source in- verter and are compared with parameter values evaluated by the finite-element method. The evaluation of two-axis machine model parameters reveals significant saturation and cross-magnetization effects in both axes, especially in the flux-weakening regime. Index Terms—Cross-magnetization, interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), saturation, two-axis machine model.

Evaluation of Saturation and Cross-Magnetization Effects in Interior Permanent-Magnet

http://w3.gazi.edu.tr/~icolak/folders/SinghGK-atif.pdf

Self-excited induction generator research—a survey

A method is proposed for predicting the flux-weakening performance of permanent-magnet (PM) brushless ac machines accounting for skew and d-q axis cross-coupling. The method is based on a d-q-axis flux-linkage model, a hybrid 2-D finite-element (FE)-analytical method being used to predict the d- and q-axis inductances. However, it only requires 2-D FE analysis of the magnetic field distribution over a cross section of the machine. The developed method is used to predict the torque-speed characteristic of an interior PM brushless ac machine with one stator slot-pitch skew. This is compared with predictions from a direct FE analysis of the machine and validated by measurements.

/pdf/influence-of-skew-and-cross-coupling-on-flux-weakening-21oixbuz0u.pdf

Influence of Skew and Cross-Coupling on Flux-Weakening Performance of Permanent-Magnet Brushless AC Machines

This paper presents a novel approach based on eigenvalue and eigenvalue sensitivity analyses to predict both minimum and maximum values of capacitance required for the self-excitation of a three-phase induction generator. Numerous numerical methods based on steady-state equivalent circuit models have been proposed to find the minimum capacitance of self-excited induction generators by solving simultaneous nonlinear equations. Steady-state and sensitivity analyses of different capacitance values with respect to various system parameters are performed. Transient analyses of the studied induction generator under different loading conditions are also carried out. Experimental results obtained on a 1.1 kW induction machine confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

A novel analysis on the performance of an isolated self-excited induction generator

This paper shows how the effects of saturation of the main flux path can be incorporated in the generalized equations of alternating current machines in which the currents are deliberately chosen as the state variables. In the conventional equations linear magnetic conditions are assumed and the forms taken by these equations in various reference frames are well known. When saturation of the main flux path is taken into account, some parameters have to be modified and additional terms introduced; stator (and rotor) self inductances in orthogonal axes are no longer equal. These are the consequence of intersaturation - sometimes called cross-saturation; a phenomenon which has been mentioned in the literature but has not been subjected to general analysis. New forms of generalized equations are derived and their application to the analysis of induction motor starting transients described.

A Method of Including the Effects of Main Flux Path Saturation in the Generalized Equations of A.C. Machines

A detailed analysis of the phenomenon of cross-saturation is presented and it is shown that in a smooth-air-gap quadrature-phase machine this phenomenon is similar to the phenomenon of the demagnetizing effect of cross-magnetizing armature reaction in a d.c. machine. In a quadrature-phase smooth-air-gap machine the resultant air-gap flux density distribution is decreased over one half of the pole-pitch and is increased under the other half of the pole-pitch and due to saturation the decrease is greater than the increase. Thus under saturated conditions, if the resultant m.m.f. distribution is displaced from the magnetic axes of the windings, a change in the quadrature-axis magnetizing current will cause a change of flux linkage in the direct-axis winding and vice versa, a change in the direct-axis magnetizing current will cause a change of flux linkage in the quadrature-axis winding. It is an important result that cross-saturation can also exist if the m.m.f. distributions are assumed to be sinusoidal. A physical derivation of the cross-saturation coupling factor is presented and a test is described which shows the existence of cross-saturation. A theoretical analysis of the experiment gives results which are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Cross-Saturation in Smooth-Air-Gap Electrical Machines

N-phase theory applicable to the calculation of the steady state performance of squirrel cage induction motors with arbitrary staor winding connection is presented. The internal voltage equations of the machine incorporate the effects of space harmonics, different turns ratios and angular asymmetry, while the external voltage and current equations incorporate a connection matrix which defines the specific winding arrangement.

The Application of N-Phase Generalized Rotating Field Theory to Induction Machines with Arbitrary Stator Winding Connection

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Papers

A Method of Including the Effects of Main Flux Path Saturation in the Generalized Equations of A.C. Machines

Cross-Saturation in Smooth-Air-Gap Electrical Machines

The Application of N-Phase Generalized Rotating Field Theory to Induction Machines with Arbitrary Stator Winding Connection