Assessment of shallow landslide susceptibility using artificial neural networks in Jabonosa River Basin, Venezuela

GIS mapping of regional probabilistic groundwater potential in the area of Pohang City, Korea

Water recharge from land surfaces into subsurface media is an essential element in the hydrologic cycle. For a small-scale assessment, experimental approaches are usually followed, however, on a regional scale, this assessment needs to be made into a comprehensive picture where spatial data of the different contributing factors are treated. The case of Occidental Lebanon, with an area of around 5,000 km2, was studied by the integration of all factors influencing this hydrologic process. Contributing factors are: lineaments and drainage frequency density, lithologic character, karstic domains and land cover/land use. The determination of these factors was carried out mainly by the application of remote sensing. Satellite images (Landsat 7 ETM & SPOT) and aerial photos were subjected to several treatment processes using a miscellany of software, mainly ERDAS Imagine and ESRI’s Arc View software. Furthermore, exogenetic data, such as topographic and geologic maps, were utilized. The extracted information for these factors was plotted on maps. The integration of the maps in a GIS allowed deciding their interactive effects. However, each factor had its own degree of effect, i.e., weight, which was also determined in this study.

Use of remote sensing and GIS to determine recharge potential zones: the case of Occidental Lebanon

Mapping groundwater recharge potential zone using a GIS approach in Hualian River, Taiwan

Water resources in Taiwan are unevenly distributed in spatial and temporal domains. Effectively utilizing the water resources is an imperative task due to climate change. At present, groundwater contributes 34% of the total annual water supply and is an important fresh water resource. However, over-exploitation has decreased groundwater availability and has led to land subsidence. Assessing the potential zone of groundwater recharge is extremely important for the protection of water quality and the management of groundwater systems. The Chih-Pen Creek basin in eastern Taiwan is examined in this study to assess its groundwater resources potential. Remote sensing and the geographical information system (GIS) are used to integrate five contributing factors: lithology, land cover/land use, lineaments, drainage, and slope. The weights of factors contributing to the groundwater recharge are derived using aerial photos, geology maps, a land use database, and field verification. The resultant map of the groundwater potential zone demonstrates that the highest recharge potential area is located towards the downstream regions in the basin because of the high infiltration rates caused by gravelly sand and agricultural land use in these regions. In contrast, the least effective recharge potential area is in upstream regions due to the low infiltration of limestone.

GIS for the assessment of the groundwater recharge potential zone

The words “lineament,” “linear,” and “lineation” have become increasingly popular since the advent of spacecraft and high-altitude aircraft images. With the increased usage has come a concomitant relaxation in the definitions of these terms, until the literature now is overwhelmed with conflicting and equivocal meanings. The need for clarification of these terms is clear. We propose a return to more fundamental conceptual definitions, based on original usage. We define the word “lineament” in an essentially geomorphological sense, on the basis of the usage introduced by Hobbs: A lineament is a mappable, simple or composite linear feature of a surface, whose parts are aligned in a rectilinear or slightly curvilinear relationship and which differs distinctly from the patterns of adjacent features and presumably reflects a subsurface phenomenon. The word “linear” is restricted to its original adjectival sense to avoid the increasingly popular but grammatically and conceptually incorrect nominative use. The word “lineation” is restored to its fundamental petrographic meaning: lineation is the one-dimensional structural alignment of internal components of a rock, is imposed by external agents, and cannot be depicted as an individual feature on a map. In addition, we suggest usages of “line” and “alignment” to refer to nongeologic features and (or) questionable features that do not fit proposed criteria and where definitional restrictions or implications may be a problem.

Lineament, linear, lineation: Some proposed new standards for old terms

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Lineament, linear, lineation: Some proposed new standards for old terms