ILC-REPORT-2007-01 CHEP A07-001 (CHEP/KNU) Cockcroft-07-04 DESY 07-046 FERMILAB-TM-2382-AD-CD-DO-E-FESS-TD JAI-2007-001 JINR Dubna-E9-2007-39 JLAB-R-2007-01 KEK Report 2007-1 LNF-07/9(NT) SLAC-R-857 I NTERNATIONAL L INEAR C OLLIDER R EFERENCE D ESIGN R EPORT DR AF T A PRIL, 2007

/pdf/international-linear-collider-reference-design-report-4mwt031i87.pdf

International linear collider reference design report

The American particle physics community can look forward to a well-conceived and vital program of experimentation for the next ten years, using both colliders and fixed target beams to study a wide variety of pressing questions. Beyond 2010, these programs will be reaching the end of their expected lives. The CERN LHC will provide an experimental program of the first importance. But beyond the LHC, the American community needs a coherent plan. The Snowmass 2001 Workshop and the deliberations of the HEPAP subpanel offer a rare opportunity to engage the full community in planning our future for the next decade or more. A major accelerator project requires a decade from the beginning of an engineering design to the receipt of the first data. So it is now time to decide whether to begin a new accelerator project that will operate in the years soon after 2010. We believe that the world high-energy physics community needs such a project. With the great promise of discovery in physics at the next energy scale, and with the opportunity for the uncovering of profound insights, we cannot allow our field to contract to a single experimental program at a single laboratory in the world.more » We believe that an e{sup +}e{sup -} linear collider is an excellent choice for the next major project in high-energy physics. Applying experimental techniques very different from those used at hadron colliders, an e{sup +}e{sup -} linear collider will allow us to build on the discoveries made at the Tevatron and the LHC, and to add a level of precision and clarity that will be necessary to understand the physics of the next energy scale. It is not necessary to anticipate specific results from the hadron collider programs to argue for constructing an e{sup +}e{sup -} linear collider; in any scenario that is now discussed, physics will benefit from the new information that e{sup +}e{sup -} experiments can provide.« less

/pdf/linear-collider-physics-resource-book-for-snowmass-2001-5ax73ssh0n.pdf

Linear Collider Physics Resource Book for Snowmass 2001

As this report is being published, the international high energy physics (HEP) community finds itself confronting a set of fascinating discoveries and new questions regarding the nature of matter and its fundamental particles and forces. The observation of neutrino oscillations that indicates that neutrinos have mass, measurements of the accelerating expansion of the universe that may be due to dark energy, and evidence for a period of rapid inflation at the beginning of the Big Bang are stimulating the entire field. Looming on the horizon are the potential discoveries of a Higgs particle that may reveal the origin of mass and of a whole family of supersymmetric particles that may be part of the cosmic dark matter. For the HEP community to elucidate these mysteries, new accelerators are indispensable. At this time, after careful deliberations, all three regional organizations of the HEP community (ACFA in Asia, HEPAP in North America, and ECFA in Europe) have reached the common conclusion that the next accelerator should be an electron-positron linear collider with an initial center-of-mass energy of 500 Giga-electronvolts (GeV), later upgradable to higher energies, and that it should be built and operated in parallel with the Large Hadron Collider under constructionmore » at CERN. Hence, this second report of the International Linear Collider Technical Review Committee (ILC-TRC) comes at a very timely moment. The report was requested by the International Committee on Future Accelerators (ICFA) in February 2001 to assess the current technical status of electron-positron linear collider designs in the various regions. Note that the ILC-TRC was not asked to concern itself with either cost studies or the ultimate selection process of a machine. This Executive Summary gives a short outline of the genesis of the report, the charge given to the committee, and its organization. It then presents a brief description of four electron-positron linear collider designs at hand. The methodology used to assess these designs is described in some detail. The assessments are followed by a list of R&D tasks recommended by the committee for the next few years. The tasks are ranked according to certain specific criteria. The summary concludes with a few remarks outlining upcoming developments that may guide ICFA and the HEP community in their future plans to promote and execute an international project. The Executive Summary stands alone in the sense that it allows a busy reader, who may not have the time to read the entire report, to become familiar with its essential contents.« less

/pdf/international-linear-collider-technical-review-committee-lzlt7slu89.pdf

International Linear Collider Technical Review Committee: Second Report, 2003

Over the last few years it has become apparent that RF breakdown and the damage that it can cause are critical issues for normal-conducting high-energy linear colliders. Substantial efforts to address RF breakdown issues have been launched within the linear-collider community. The ideas about the physics of breakdown, experimental results, methods to increase achievable gradients and methods to avoid damage that have emerged from the studies are reviewed.

/pdf/high-gradient-breakdown-in-normal-conducting-rf-cavities-27eprgbyaj.pdf

High-gradient breakdown in normal-conducting rf cavities

The full exploitation of the physics potential of future linear colliders such as the JLC, NLC, and TESLA will require the development of polarized positron beams. In the proposed scheme of Balakin and Mikhailichenko [1] a helical undulator is employed to generate photons of several MeV with circular polarization which are then converted in a relatively thin target to generate longitudinally polarized positrons. This experiment, E-166, proposes to test this scheme to determine whether such a technique can produce polarized positron beams of sufficient quality for use in future linear colliders. The experiment will install a meter-long, short-period, pulsed helical undulator in the Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) at SLAC. A low-emittance 50-GeV electron beam passing through this undulator will generate circularly polarized photons with energies up to 10 MeV. These polarized photons are then converted to polarized positrons via pair production in thin targets. Titanium and tungsten targets, which are both candidates for use in linear colliders, will be tested. The experiment will measure the flux and polarization of the undulator photons, and the spectrum and polarization of the positrons produced in the conversion target, and compare the measurement results to simulations. Thus the proposed experiment directly tests formore » the first time the validity of the simulation programs used for the physics of polarized pair production in finite matter, in particular the effects of multiple scattering on polarization. Successful comparison of the experimental results to the simulations will lead to greater confidence in the proposed designs of polarized positrons sources for the next generation of linear colliders. This experiment requests six-weeks of time in the FFTB beam line: three weeks for installation and setup and three weeks of beam for data taking. A 50-GeV beam with about twice the SLC emittance at a repetition rate of 30 Hz is required.« less

/pdf/undulator-based-production-of-polarized-positrons-a-proposal-2mh905w2tj.pdf

Undulator-Based Production of Polarized Positrons, A Proposal for the 50-GeV Beam in the FFTB

Recent studies in elementary particle physics have made the need for an e{sup +}e{sup -} linear collider able to reach energies of 500 GeV and above with high luminosity more compelling than ever [1]. Observations and measurements completed in the last five years at the SLC (SLAC), LEP (CERN), and the Tevatron (FNAL) can be explained only by the existence of at least one particle or interaction that has not yet been directly observed in experiment. The Higgs boson of the Standard Model could be that particle. The data point strongly to a mass for the Higgs boson that is just beyond the reach of existing colliders. This brings great urgency and excitement to the potential for discovery at the upgraded Tevatron early in this decade, and almost assures that later experiments at the LHC will find new physics. But the next generation of experiments to be mounted by the world-wide particle physics community must not only find this new physics, they must find out what it is. These experiments must also define the next important threshold in energy. The need is to understand physics at the TeV energy scale as well as the physics at the 100-GeV energy scalemore » is now understood. This will require both the LHC and a companion linear electron-positron collider.« less

2001 Report on the Next Linear Collider

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2001 Report on the Next Linear Collider