Simple Summary Soybean is the most common feed ingredient to supply protein to pigs. However, its production is linked to several issues related to environment (e.g., deforestation, water waste), production and transportation costs, as well as to ethical aspects including feed/food competition for land. In recent decades, research has endeavored to find alternatives to soybean in livestock feeds, especially for pigs. However, replacing this ingredient partially or totally may have consequences for animal growth rates, carcass yield and meat quality. The aim of this work was to review the research carried out in the last 10 years on this topic, identifying the alternative protein sources and their effects on pigs’ growth, carcass yield, and meat quality. Most of the ingredients recently studied are vegetable resources, especially local species of legumes well-adapted to specific climatic conditions. Moreover, some studies evaluated, as protein sources, oilseed by- and co-products, distillers’ dried grain with solubles, fish and animal proteins, and other co-products derived from other supply chains. Among innovative protein sources, microalgae and insects are gaining attention. Abstract Soybean is one of the most expensive and limiting feed ingredients in diet formulations; however, in pig farming, it represents the main source of protein. The production and supply of soybean are critical steps due to their environmental impact and feed/food competition for land use. Therefore, research is focusing on finding alternatives to replace soybean partially or totally. However, alternative ingredients should ensure similar growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality characteristics compared to conventional soybean-based diets. The objective of this review was to evaluate the impact of different alternative protein sources to soybean in pig nutrition and their effects on growth performance, carcass, and meat quality traits. The review process was performed on Scopus®, and it considered research findings published from 2012 to the present on the Sus scrofa species. Articles without a control group fed with soybean were discarded. The main alternative protein sources identified were other legumes and distillers’ dried grain with solubles (fish and animal proteins, oilseed by- and co-products). Interesting innovative protein sources included by-products from other industries (residues), microalgae and insects. Nevertheless, in dietary formulations, close attention must be paid to address the nutritional requirements, balance the supply of amino acids, avoid anti-nutritional or toxic compounds occasionally present in alternative protein sources, as well as determine the availability of protein feed in specific geographical areas.

/pdf/soybean-replacement-by-alternative-protein-sources-in-pig-2kag2sa1.pdf

Soybean Replacement by Alternative Protein Sources in Pig Nutrition and Its Effect on Meat Quality

Effects of nutrition on digestion efficiency and gaseous emissions from slurry in growing pigs: III. Influence of varying the dietary level of calcium soap of palm fatty acids distillate with or without orange pulp supplementation

This experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of replacing ‘part’ of soybean meal (SBM) with 4% rapeseed meal (RSM) or 4% canola meal (CM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, faecal noxious gas emission, and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 120 crossbred finishing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace)× Duroc] with an average body weight of 50.71 ± 1.97 kg were randomly divided into one of three dietary treatments according to their sex and BW (10 replicate pens with 2 barrows and 2 gilts per pen). Dietary treatments were as follows: (1) CON, a corn-SBM-based diet; (2) CM4, diet containing 4% CM originated from Korea; (3) RSM4, diet containing 4% RSM originated from India. Replacing SBM with 4% RSM or 4% CM had no effects on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, gain to feed ratio, concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, faecal ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, and total mercaptans emission, meat quality, and apparent total tract digestibility...

https://tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09712119.2017.1284076

Rapeseed meal and canola meal can partially replace soybean meal as a protein source in finishing pigs

Dietary inclusion of rapeseed meal as soybean meal substitute on growth performance, gut microbiota, oxidative stability and fatty acid profile in growing-fattening pigs

Apparent total-tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients could be an alternative measure of feed efficiency (FE) when breeding for robust animals that are fed fiber-rich diets. Apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients requires measuring individual feed intake of a large number of animals which is expensive and complex. Alternatively, ATTD of nutrients and feces chemical composition can be predicted using fecal near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (FNIRS). The objective of this study was to assess if the feces chemical composition and ATTD of nutrients can be predicted using FNIRS that originate from various pig-experimental datasets. Fecal samples together with detailed information on the feces chemical composition and ATTD of nutrients were obtained from four different pig experiments. Feces near-infrared spectroscopy was analyzed from fecal samples of a complete dataset. The model was calibrated using the FNIRS and reference samples of feces chemical composition and ATTD of nutrients. The robustness and predictability of the model were evaluated by the r2 and the closeness between SE of calibration (SEC) and SE of cross-validation (SECV). Prediction of the feces chemical components and ATTD of nutrients were successful as SEC and SECV were equivalent. Calibration model was developed to estimate the ATTD of nutrients and fecal chemical composition from the FNIRS and worked well for OM (r2 = 0.94; SEC = 48.5; SECV = 56.6), CP (r2 = 0.89; SEC = 18.1; SECV = 18.8), GE (r2 = 0.92; SEC = 1.2; SECV = 1.4), NDF (r2 = 0.94; SEC = 55; SECV = 60.2), OM digestibility (r2 = 0.94; SEC = 5.5; SECV = 6.7), GE digestibility (r2 = 0.88; SEC = 2.3; SECV = 2.6), and fat digestibility (r2 = 0.79; SEC = 6, SECV = 6.8). However, the SE of prediction was slightly higher than what has been reported in another study. The prediction of feces chemical composition for fat (r2 = 0.69; SEC = 11.7, SECV = 12.3), CP digestibility (r2 = 0.63; SEC = 2.3; SECV = 2.7), and NDF digestibility (r2 = 0.64, SEC = 7.7, SECV = 8.8) was moderate. We conclude that the FNIRS accurately predicts the chemical composition of feces and ATTD of nutrients for OM, CP, and GE. The approach of FNIRS is a cost-effective method for measuring digestibility and FE in a large-scale pig-breeding programs.

/pdf/assessment-of-fecal-near-infrared-spectroscopy-to-predict-2nt9k3y0hl.pdf

Assessment of fecal near-infrared spectroscopy to predict feces chemical composition and apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients in pigs.

The inclusion of rapeseed meal in fattening pig diets, as a partial replacer of soybean meal, alters nutrient digestion, faecal composition and biochemical methane potential from faeces

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

J. Coma

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

The inclusion of rapeseed meal in fattening pig diets, as a partial replacer of soybean meal, alters nutrient digestion, faecal composition and biochemical methane potential from faeces