Progress on solid compounds of actinides

Nuclear forensic analysis of a non-traditional actinide sample

Electrochemical preparation of high purity uranium and neptunium metals from aqueous solutions

Kinetic studies on the substitution reaction between [Fe(4)S(4)Cl(4)](2-) and Bu(t)NC or Et(2)NCS(2)(-) are reported. The binding of small molecules and ions to Fe-S clusters is a fundamental step in substitution reactions but can be difficult to follow directly because these reactions are rapid and often associated with small spectroscopic changes. A novel kinetic method is reported which allows the time course of molecule and ion binding to Fe-S clusters to be followed by monitoring the lability of the cluster. Using a stopped-flow, sequential-mix apparatus, [Fe(4)S(4)Cl(4)](2-) and L (L = Et(2)NCS(2)(-) or Bu(t)NC) are rapidly mixed, and after a known time (delta) the resulting solution is mixed with a solution of PhS(-). The thiolate substitutes for the chloro ligands on the cluster, in a reaction which is easy to follow because of the large change in the visible absorption spectrum. The rate of this substitution is extremely sensitive to whether L is bound to the cluster or not. By correlation of delta with the rate of the reaction with PhS(-), the time course of the reaction between [Fe(4)S(4)Cl(4)](2-) and L can be mapped out. In studies where L = Bu(t)NC this technique has allowed the detection of an intermediate ([Fe(4)S(4)Cl(4)(CNBu(t))](2-)) which cannot be detected spectrophotometrically. In further studies, the substitution reactions of [Fe(4)S(4)Cl(4)](2-) with PhS(-), Et(2)NCS(2)(-), or Bu(t)NC are all perturbed by the addition of Cl(-). In all cases a common pathway for substitution is evident, but with Et(2)NCS(2)(-) an additional, slower pathway becomes apparent under conditions where the common pathway is completely inhibited by Cl(-).

Substitution Reactions of [Fe4S4Cl4]2- with ButNC or Et2NCS2-: Trapping Intermediates and Detecting New Pathways

The actinide elements form a unique and scientifically interesting series. They display a wide range of physical properties from those characteristic of d-electron transition metals to those of the 4f electron, lanthanide metals. This article provides a brief summary of some important properties of the actinide elements and discusses how the changing role of the 5f electrons influences these properties. Recent results from studies on the actinides and extrapolated values of others have been incorporated into the presented systematics. Finally, some recommendations for future studies of the actinides are presented.

Selected systematic properties and some recent investigations of actinide metals and alloys

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a general discussion of actinide metallurgy, including advanced methods, such as levitation melting and chemical vapor-phase reactions. Discussion on purification of actinide metals by a variety of techniques is presented. An element-by-element discussion is presented of the most satisfactory metallurgical preparation for each individual element: actinium (included for completeness even though not an actinide element), thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, and einsteinium. The transeinsteinium actinides, fermium (Fm), mendelevium (Md), nobelium (No), and lawrencium (Lr), are not available in weighable (> μ g) quantities, so these elements are unknown in the condensed bulk phase. Neutral atoms of Fm have been studied by atomic beam magnetic resonance. Thermochromatography on titanium and molybdenum columns has been employed to characterize some metallic state properties of Fm and Md . Metallothermic reduction of an actinide halide was the first method applied to the preparation of an actinide metal. The metallothermic reduction of an oxide is a useful preparative method for an actinide metal when macro quantities of the actinide are available. The van Arkel–De Boer process is widely used to refine metals.

Preparation and Purification of Actinide Metals

Preparation and Purification of Actinoid Metals

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Preparation and Purification of Actinide Metals

Preparation and Purification of Actinide Metals

Preparation and Purification of Actinoid Metals