https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/38771/1/Schnur_Bektas_Comparison_Measured_Web_Maps_2010.pdf

A comparison of measured and perceived visual complexity for dynamic web maps

Population density varies sharply from place to place on the whole territory of Poland. The largest number of people per 1 km2 is 21,531, while uninhabited areas account for about 48% of the country. Such uneven, non-Gaussian distribution of the data causes some difficulty in choosing the classification method in geometric choropleth maps. A thorough evaluation of a geometric choropleth map of population data is not possible using only traditional indicators such as the Tabular Accuracy Index (TAI). That is why the aim of the article is to develop an innovative index based on distance analysis and neighbour analysis of grid cells. Two indexes have been suggested in this paper: the Spatial Distance Index (SDI) and the Spatial Contiguity Index (SCI). The paper discusses the use of five classification methods to evaluate choropleth maps of population data, like head-tail breaks, natural breaks, equal intervals, quantile, and geometrical intervals. A comprehensive assessment of such geometric choropleth maps is also done. The research was conducted for the whole territory of Poland, using data from the 2011 National Census of Population and Housing. Population data are presented in the 1km grid. The results of the analysis are shown on thematic maps. A compatibility of the choropleth maps with urban-rural typology of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) was also checked.

/pdf/comparing-continuity-and-compactness-of-choropleth-map-13xtznaom8.pdf

Comparing continuity and compactness of choropleth map classes

In recent years, True-3D representations such as lenticular visualization have entered the stage of analogue and, especially, digital cartography. The increase of 3D displays as products of mass media raises some fundamental questions about a new generation of 3D maps. Auto-stereoscopic displays allow cartographers to design 3D maps covering several information layers located at different positions along the depth axis. However, it remains unclear whether the opportunity to spread map information over different information depth layers can improve cartographic communication by helping to increase the duration and accuracy of map reading. This article presents the results of an empirical study, based on the test results achieved by 83 geography students who counted different map symbols in a series of 2D or 3D thematic maps of differing complexity. RESUME: Au cours des dernieres annees, les representations tridimensionnelles vraies comme la visualisation lenticulaire ont atteint le stade de l’analogie et particulierement la cartographie numerique. L’augmentation des affichages 3D dans les medias de masse souleve quelques questions fondamentales relatives a une nouvelle generation de cartes 3D. Les affichages auto-stereoscopiques permettent aux cartographes de dessiner des cartes 3D couvrant plusieurs couches d’informations se trouvant a differentes positions sur l’axe de la profondeur. Toutefois, on ne sait toujours pas avec certitude si la possibilite d’etaler les renseignements cartographiques sur differentes couches de profondeur peut ameliorer la communication cartographique en contribuant a l’augmentation de la duree et de l’exactitude de la lecture de la carte. Cet article presente les resultats d’une etude empirique realisee par 83 etudiants en geographie qui ont compte les resultats de differents tests dans une serie de cartes thematiques 2D ou 3D de complexite differente.

Spreading Map Information over Different Depth Layers - An Improvement for Map-Reading Efficiency?

During the centuries the main problem on mapping was to obtain the suffi cient and reliable source data; presently, an appropriate selection of the desired information from the deluge of available data is a problem. An availability of large amount of data induces to transfer the possibly rich information by means of map. It often results in overloading the cartographic documents, that is why they become less communica- tive and diffi cult to read. This situation is well illustrated by the example of city maps which are the most commonly used and thus the most frequently published cartographic products. Many user groups with different needs as well as preparation to read maps use these high volume publications. Therefore, the maps com- munication effectiveness problem is of particular importance. The city maps are the most complex cartographic presentations, because the presented areas are the places with the greatest concentration of different kinds of objects and forms of human activity arising from the civiliza- tion development. Conveying these specifi c features on the city maps leads to the problem of selecting the most relevant elements of content in terms of user's needs, since presenting all objects and their characteristics is impossible if the city map readability is to be kept. Although complexity has been the cartographers' object of interest for many years, because it exerts an im- pact on readability and effectiveness of cartographic documents, none of the measures used so far may be applied for automatic determination of complexity of such graphically complicated objects as city maps. Therefore a novel approach was needed for these applications. For that purpose digital image processing techniques have been proposed and successfully applied by the authors. The analysis of the spatial distribution of the objects' edges on the map surface, calculated using continuous wavelet transform, is the basis of the proposed measure. The method allows for comparison of complexity of city maps loaded by different type of graphical elements (point signatures, lines, text, etc.). Extended analyses of selected cartographic materials proved the usability of the method for quantitative estimation of city map complexity via formal index.

/pdf/measuring-maps-graphical-density-via-digital-image-nx2mvba41o.pdf

Measuring maps graphical density via digital image processing method on the example of city maps

The Cartographic Journal was established a year after the founding of the British Cartographic Society in 1963 and so 2014 marked 50 years since the first, general-distribution journal of cartography in English was published. This paper offers a brief account of its genesis and its development in reflecting and shaping the leading themes in cartographic research over the years, and explains how the Society's flagship publication and an official journal of the ICA (International Cartographic Association) has maintained its position at the forefront of academic publishing in cartography.

Fifty Years of The Cartographic Journal

Visual map comparison can supplement statistical analysis by providing information as to where and how spatial correspondence occurs. The associations that may be discovered are influenced by the nature of the map features being compared and the criteria used for making the comparisons. In this paper the author has tried to identify the elements of visual recognition that map readers use to associate or differentiate geographical distributions represented by choropleth maps. The main components of the multivariate map reading process are pointed out, including the perceptual interactions between the actual locations of map tones and the overall similarity between map patterns.

Objective and Subjective Comparison in Choroplethic Mapping

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Objective and Subjective Comparison in Choroplethic Mapping