In the last four decades the container as an essential part of a unit-load-concept has achieved undoubted importance in international sea freight transportation. With ever increasing containerization the number of seaport container terminals and competition among them have become quite remarkable. Operations are nowadays unthinkable without effective and efficient use of information technology as well as appropriate optimization (operations research) methods. In this paper we describe and classify the main logistics processes and operations in container terminals and present a survey of methods for their optimization.

Container terminal operation and operations research — a classification and literature review

This paper is the second part of a comprehensive survey on pickup and delivery models. Basically, two problem classes can be distinguished. The first part dealt with the transportation of goods from the depot to linehaul customers and from backhaul customers to the depot. In this class four subtypes were considered, namely the Vehicle Routing Problem with Clustered Backhauls (VRPCB all linehauls before backhauls), the Vehicle Routing Problem with Mixed linehauls and Backhauls (VRPMB any sequence of linehauls and backhauls permitted), the Vehicle Routing Problem with Divisible Delivery and Pickup (VRPDDP customers demanding delivery and pickup service can be visited twice), and the Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pickup (VRPSDP customers demanding both services have to be visited exactly once). The second part now considers all those problems where goods are transported between pickup and delivery locations, denoted as Vehicle Routing Problems with Pickups and Deliveries (VRPPD). These are the Pickup and Delivery VRP (PDVRP unpaired pickup and delivery points), the classical Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP paired pickup and delivery points), and the Dial-A-Ride Problem (DARP paired pickup and delivery points and user inconvenience taken into consideration). A single as well as a multi vehicle mathematical problem formulation for all three VRPPD types is given, and the respective exact, heuristic, and metaheuristic solution methods are discussed.

/pdf/a-survey-on-pickup-and-delivery-problems-part-ii-s8djcjjy1t.pdf

A survey on pickup and delivery problems: Part II: Transportation between pickup and delivery locations

This paper is the first part of a comprehensive survey on pickup and delivery problems. Basically, two problem classes can be distinguished. The first class, discussed in this paper, deals with the transportation of goods from the depot to linehaul customers and from backhaul customers to the depot. This class is denoted as Vehicle Routing Problems with Backhauls (VRPB). Four subtypes can be considered, namely the Vehicle Routing Problem with Clustered Backhauls (VRPCB – all linehauls before backhauls), the Vehicle Routing Problem with Mixed linehauls and Backhauls (VRPMB – any sequence of linehauls and backhauls permitted), the Vehicle Routing Problem with Divisible Delivery and Pickup (VRPDDP – customers demanding delivery and pickup service can be visited twice), and the Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pickup (VRPSDP – customers demanding both services have to be visited exactly once). The second class, dealt with in the second part of this survey, refers to all those problems where goods are transported between pickup and delivery locations. These are the Pickup and Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (PDVRP – unpaired pickup and delivery points), the classical Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP – paired pickup and delivery points), and the Dial-A-Ride Problem (DARP – passenger transportation between paired pickup and delivery points and user inconvenience taken into consideration). Single as well as multi vehicle versions of the mathematical problem formulations are given for all four VRPB types, the corresponding exact, heuristic, and metaheuristic solution methods are discussed.

/pdf/a-survey-on-pickup-and-delivery-problems-4jg10ds2xx.pdf

A survey on pickup and delivery problems

A tabu search algorithm for the integrated scheduling problem of container handling systems in a maritime terminal

Integrated scheduling of crane handling and truck transportation in a maritime container terminal

In the last four decades (1960-2000), the container, as an essential part of a unit-load-concept, has scored a great success in international sea freight transportation. With increasing containerization, the number of seaport container terminals and competition have increased considerably. One of the success factors of a terminal is related to the time in port for container vessels and the transshipment rates the ship operators have to pay. We describe the main logistics processes in seaport container terminals and present methods for their optimization. We focus on the process of container transport by gantry cranes and straddle carriers between the container vessel and the container yard. The primary objective is the reduction of the time in port for the vessels by maximizing the productivity of the gantry cranes, or in other words, minimizing the delay times of container transports that causes the gantry cranes to stop. We investigate different dispatching strategies for straddle carriers to gantry cranes and show the potential of evolutionary algorithms to improve the solutions.

Vehicle dispatching at seaport container terminals using evolutionary algorithms

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Vehicle dispatching at seaport container terminals using evolutionary algorithms