What happens to terrestrial organic matter in the ocean

Marine optical biogeochemistry: the chemistry of ocean color.

[1] We measured the absorption properties of phytoplankton, nonalgal particles (NAP), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) at about 350 stations in various coastal waters around Europe including the English Channel, Adriatic Sea, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea. For comparison, we also collected data in the open ocean waters of North Atlantic. The exponential slope of the CDOM absorption spectrum varied within a narrow range around 0.0176 nm−1 (SD = 0.0020 nm−1). When data from all the regions were considered altogether, the relationship between phytoplankton absorption and chlorophyll concentration was generally similar to the one previously established for open oceanic waters. Our coastal data, however, show that significant departures from the general trend may occur due to peculiar pigment composition and cell size. In some coastal areas, high phaeopigment concentrations gave rise to especially high blue-to-red ratio of phytoplankton absorption. The NAP absorption covaried with the particle dry weight. Most absorption spectra of these particles were well described by an exponential function with a slope averaging 0.0123 nm−1 (SD = 0.0013 nm−1). In some highly turbid waters, the spectra exhibited a signature possibly associated with iron oxides. In the Baltic Sea, NAP absorption systematically showed lower values at wavelengths shorter than 440 nm than predicted from the fitted exponential function. Overall, the variability in the absorption properties of European coastal waters showed some consistent patterns despite the high diversity of the examined waters. Distinct features were identified in the phytoplankton and NAP components. An absorption budget is presented and parameterizations are proposed.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2001JC000882

Variations in the light absorption coefficients of phytoplankton, nonalgal particles, and dissolved organic matter in coastal waters around Europe

Distinguishing between terrestrial and autochthonous organic matter sources in marine environments using fluorescence spectroscopy

Complete optical absorption and fluorescence spectra were collected for a diverse suite of 0.2-μm-filtered marine, riverine, and estuarine waters, as well as for colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) isolated from several of these waters by solid-phase C 18 extraction. Absorption and fluorescence parameters for these samples are reported. For surface waters, variations in the fluorescence quantum yields obtained with 355- and 337-nm excitation fell within a narrow window (< 2.5-fold variation about the mean values), demonstrating that fluorescence measurements can be used to determine absorption coefficients of CDOM in the ultraviolet region with reasonably good accuracy. Methods for predicting absorption coefficients and line shapes from the fluorescence data are introduced and tested. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of CDOM extracted from some seawaters differed significantly from those of the original waters, demonstrating that material isolated by hydrophobic adsorption is not necessarily representative of the suite of colored organic matter present in aquatic systems. These results clearly illustrate that great care must be taken when extracted material is used to infer the optical properties of natural waters

https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.1994.39.8.1903

Optical absorption and fluorescence properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in natural waters

An extensive series of optical absorption spectra were recorded for waters in the eastern Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Paria, and the Orinoco River Estuary during the high-flow period of the Orinoco River in the Fall of 1988. Evidence for high levels of dissolved, colored organic matter (COM) was found throughout the eastern Caribbean, with these levels increasing substantially at stations nearer the Gulf of Paria and the Orinoco River. The dependence of the absorption at 300 nm (a300) on salinity exhibited conservative mixing behavior for transects through the Gulf of Paria. In contrast, transects through the Orinoco Estuary revealed that a300 remained approximately constant or slightly increased with increasing salinity up to 27‰, after which it decreased linearly with increasing salinity. This nonconservative behavior was not produced by COM release from suspended particulate matter at higher salinity, nor did it appear to originate from the sediment. Below 30‰, the slopes of the log-linearized absorption spectra were independent of salinity (0.0140 nm−1). At higher salinities, the slopes apparently increased, suggesting that the COM is modified. Based on specific absorption coefficients measured for COM isolated from this area, COM input by the Orinoco River is estimated to be ∼ 2.5 × 1012 g C/yr, which represents about 1% of the total global transport of dissolved organic carbon to the ocean. This input is likely to influence substantially the carbon cycle, photochemical properties, and optical characteristics of the waters in this region.

Optical absorption spectra of waters from the Orinoco River outflow : terrestrial input of colored organic matter to the Caribbean

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Optical absorption spectra of waters from the Orinoco River outflow : terrestrial input of colored organic matter to the Caribbean