This review presents a multidisciplinary framework for integrating the ecological, regulatory, procedural and technical aspects of forest management for fires prevention under Mediterranean environments. The aims are to: i) provide a foreground of wildfire scenario; ii) illustrate the theoretical background of forest fuel management; iii) describe the available fuel management techniques and mechanical operations for fire prevention in forest and wildland-urban interfaces, with exemplification of case-studies; iv) allocate fire prevention activities under the hierarchy of forest planning. The review is conceived as an outline commentary discussion targeted to professionals, technicians and government personnel involved in forestry and environmental management.

/pdf/integrated-forest-management-to-prevent-wildfires-under-ynefo9gl1o.pdf

Integrated forest management to prevent wildfires under mediterranean environments

The objective of this study was to identify and understand grassland management practices employed on dairy farms in the Republic of Ireland, including grazing-season length, concentrate-feed input, uptake of new grassland-management technologies and frequency and methods of sward renewal. The sample population for the survey was chosen from a proportionate representation of all milk suppliers taken from three of the largest dairy processors in the Republic of Ireland. The sample was subsequently broken down into three stocking rate (SR) and three size categories of milk quota (Qcat) to investigate their effects on the survey variables. Both SR and Qcat had significant effects on the proportion of participants adopting grass-based technologies and on the amount of supplementary feed offered. Grazing-season length increased from 228 d in Qcat1 to 249 d in Qcat 3 but was unaffected by SR (241 d; s.d. 3·05). The proportion of the grazing area reseeded annually was significantly affected by SR, increasing from 0·044 to 0·095 of the grassland area as SR increased from SR1 to SR3, with no effect of Qcat (0·068). The results show that on-farm grass utilization is low, with significant potential for expansion and increased efficiency through increased SRs, greater adoption of grassland-management technologies and higher levels of sward renewal.

A survey analysis of grassland dairy farming in Ireland, investigating grassland management, technology adoption and sward renewal

Early lactation feed intake and milk yield responses of dairy cows offered grass silages harvested at early maturity stages

Greenhouse gas emissions from pastoral based dairying systems: The effect of uncertainty and management change under two contrasting production systems

https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/8331/1/Water_Footprinting_of_Dairy_Farming_in_Ireland.pdf

Water footprinting of dairy farming in Ireland

Challenges for grasslands, grassland-based systems and their production potential in Europe.

Milk production systems to increase competitiveness in regions of high rainfall and heavy clay soil types.

Winter grazing of the limestone grasslands, pavements and heaths of the Burren is a key factor in maintaining their biodiversity. Over the last 30 years farmers have moved away from store cattle to the grazing of suckler cows. The higher nutritional requirements of in-calf cows resulted in many farmers introducing silage onto winter grazed areas (winterage) or housing animals. This led to reduced grazing on winterages and to farm polarization (intensification and reseeding of improved agricultural grassland, while abandoning semi-natural grassland on the same farm). An EU LIFE Nature funded project ‘BurrenLIFE’, is developing a new model for sustainable agriculture in the Burren. Central to this is the introduction of grazing regimes which seek to optimize utilization of the valuable forage resource on winterages, while maintaining biodiversity. To profile the forage quality of winterage, a range of vegetation types have been sampled and analysed to determine their ash, nitrogen, crude protein, oven dry matter, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and trace mineral contents. Results show variations in forage quality during the winter grazing season and between vegetation types. Forage quality results suggest that Burren winterages do not meet the nutritional requirements of suckler cows from December to March.

Species rich limestone grasslands of the Burren, Ireland: feed value and sustainable grazing systems.

Low-intensity livestock systems in Europe: an opportunity for quality products, recreation revenues and environmental conservation.

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Challenges for grasslands, grassland-based systems and their production potential in Europe.

Milk production systems to increase competitiveness in regions of high rainfall and heavy clay soil types.

Species rich limestone grasslands of the Burren, Ireland: feed value and sustainable grazing systems.

Low-intensity livestock systems in Europe: an opportunity for quality products, recreation revenues and environmental conservation.