Quantification of dynamic wheel–rail contact forces at short rail irregularities and application to measured rail welds

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based sample carriers became a breakthrough for in situ inspection techniques, especially in transmission electron microscopy where the sample carrier functions as a microsized laboratory and enables dynamic studies on samples, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, lamellas, and 2-D materials. Microheaters allow for in situ manipulation of samples by applying heat stimuli such that sample properties and interactions can be studied in real time at elevated temperatures. However, currently developed microheaters still suffer from undesired effects such as mechanical deflection and limitations in temperature range, accuracy, and homogeneity. This review discusses advancements in the technological development of microheaters. Methods and results found in the literature are categorized to provide an overview of optimization methods for thermoelectromechanical design aspects. The knowledge from various application fields, including a critical reflection on mesoscopic material properties, is combined into a series of design guidelines. These compose instructions for developing and optimizing microheater characteristics, such as mechanical and thermal stress, temperature accuracy and homogeneity, power consumption, response time, and sample drift. Although this review and guide are applicable to many application fields that require a microheater, an emphasis is laid on aspects most relevant to the microheater as a high-temperature sample carrier for in situ experiments. [2017–0149]

A Review on Development and Optimization of Microheaters for High-Temperature In Situ Studies

The 3-Omega measurement technique was applied to a microbridge heater for the purpose of low power gas sensing. The sensor performance was evaluated for mixtures of CO2, Ar, He and CH4 in N2 in an isothermal chamber where concentrations were precisely controlled by mass flow controllers. A custom 3-Omega conditioning circuit controls the AC heating current and detection of the 3-Omega voltage signal. The amplitude and phase lag, and the in-phase and out-of-phase components of the 3-Omega signal are presented for each case and are related directly to gas concentrations. Advantageously, the phase lag can determine the gas concentration without calibration of an individual gas sensor. Using this technique and our current microbridge thermal conductivity detector (TCD), it is possible to resolve gas concentrations down to 0.07%. The frequency behavior of the 3-Omega signal as it pertains to the thermal environment and sensor sensitivity is discussed. The 3-Omega technique combined with the microbridge is capable of operating with power consumptions that are

/pdf/a-microbridge-heater-for-low-power-gas-sensing-based-on-the-1sp83azd8a.pdf

A microbridge heater for low power gas sensing based on the 3-Omega technique

Residual lifetime assessment of thermal power plant superheater header

Stress-inheriting behavior of H-beam during roller straightening process

A microhotplate array comprising four 100 μm x 100 μm unit cells has been designed. It has a multi-layer structure: Si-thermal oxide-polySi-PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition) oxide-Sputtered Pt-Gas sensing film (SnO 2 ). Electro-thermal simulation of the unit cell has been carried out using ANSYS. The simulations show that for an applied bias of 4 V a mean temperature of 706°C is obtained at the centre of the heater area. The heat is assumed to flow from the hot plate to the surrounding air at an ambient temperature of 30°C by conduction. The power dissipation is less than 50 mW. The paper presents the design methodology of the hotplate.

/pdf/design-and-electro-thermal-simulation-of-a-polysilicon-4en15mxbeb.pdf

Design and electro-thermal simulation of a polysilicon microheater on a suspended membrane for use in gas sensing

Analysis of end straightness of rail during manufacturing

This investigation was primarily aimed to examine the failure of a platen superheater outlet header of a 210MW thermal power plant. Preliminary macroscopic examinations along with detailed scanning electron microscopic and finite element modeling studies were carried out to understand the probable cause of failure. In addition, chemical analysis, microstructural characterization, evaluation of mechanical properties are the necessary supplements to understand the reason for the failure. Finally, it was concluded that start stop transients, temperature fluctuations during operation (minor in magnitude, but large in number), abnormal thermal shocks (few but severe) and design deficiency are considered as possible causes of formation of thermal fatigue cracks in the ligament region of the investigated platen superheater outlet header.

Failure investigation of Platen Superheater Outlet Header

A Case Study on the Premature Failure of a Cooling Water Pump Shaft

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Papers

Design and electro-thermal simulation of a polysilicon microheater on a suspended membrane for use in gas sensing

Analysis of end straightness of rail during manufacturing

Failure investigation of Platen Superheater Outlet Header

A Case Study on the Premature Failure of a Cooling Water Pump Shaft