The chronology of the Early Bronze Age (EBA) in the southern Levant and the synchronization between the sites, considering seriation and radiocarbon dates, have shown large inconsistencies and disagreement. We have assembled 420 14C dates, most of them previously published and a few provided directly by the excavators. The dates have been re-evaluated on the basis of their archaeological context and using analytical criteria. Bayesian modeling has been applied to the selected dates in relation to the given seriation of the EBA subperiods (EB I, II III, IV). Sites with 2 or more sequential subphases were individually modeled in order to define the transitions between the subperiods. The new chronology indicates that the EB I–II transition occurred site-dependently between 3200–2900 BC, with EB II–III around 2900 BC, and EB III–IV ~2500 BC. DOI:  10.2458/azu_js_rc.v54i3–4.16403

/pdf/chronology-of-the-early-bronze-age-in-the-southern-levant-4fgnt1fvpo.pdf

Chronology of the Early Bronze Age in the Southern Levant: New Analysis for a High Chronology

This paper explores long-term trends in human population and vegetation change in the Levant from the early to the late Holocene in order to assess when and how human impact has shaped the region’s landscapes over the millennia. To do so, we employed multiple proxies and compared archaeological, pollen and palaeoclimate data within a multi-scalar approach in order to assess how Holocene landscape dynamics change at different geographical scales. We based our analysis on 14 fossil pollen sequences and applied a hierarchical agglomerative clustering and community classification in order to define groups of vegetation types (e.g. grassland, wetland, woodland, etc.). Human impact on the landscape has been assessed by the analysis of pollen indicator groups. Archaeological settlement data and Summed Probability Distribution (SPD) of radiocarbon dates have been used to reconstruct long-term demographic trends. In this study, for the first time, the evolution of the human population is estimated statistically and compared with environmental proxies for assessing the interplay of biotic and abiotic factors in shaping the Holocene landscapes in the Levant.

/pdf/holocene-landscape-dynamics-and-long-term-population-trends-4nleahw8w0.pdf

Holocene landscape dynamics and long-term population trends in the Levant:

This paper compares changes in vegetation structure and composition (using synthetic fossil pollen data) with proxy data for population levels (including settlements and radiocarbon dates) over the...

/pdf/tyrrhenian-central-italy-holocene-population-and-landscape-4vg0rb7ba4.pdf

Tyrrhenian central Italy: Holocene population and landscape ecology

Extensive tracts of the Raunds area were the subject of geophysical surveys conducted throughout the 1980s and 1990s by a variety of organisations for various reasons and for a number of separate projects, all falling within the overall auspices of the Raunds Area Project or Raunds Parish Project. The majority of the excavation carried out in the area by the Central Excavation, Northamptonshire Archaeology and Oxfordshire Archaeological Units was threat-led in advance of gravel extraction and road construction in the Nene Valley corridor from Irthlingborough in the south-west of the area to Thrapston in the north-east. A number of Roman villas, monument complexes and multi-period archaeological sites were affected by this development and were therefore the subject of archaeological excavation in advance of their complete or partial destruction. From the mid 1980s onward initial application of geophysical techniques in the Raunds area concentrated on the large-scale excavations carried out at the Stanwick Iron Age and Roman settlement in advance of gravel quarrying under the direction of David Neal of the then Central Excavation Unit of English Heritage (Neal 1989b). Magnetometer survey was employed with considerable success here by the Ancient Monuments Laboratory (AML) to undertake an extensive examination of the wider landscape surrounding the settlement that this project famously addressed. The magnetic response in the area was found to be exceptionally clear, largely due to the influence of the naturally iron-rich Jurassic geology of the area. Subsequently, during the 1990s, the focus of geophysical activity shifted to investigation of the West Cotton area and its rich evidence of Neolithic and early Bronze Age prehistoric ceremonial and funerary activity. Additional geophysical surveys carried out by the AML on a variety of other sites in the Raunds area (including several enclosure complexes on the higher Boulder Claycapped ground to the east of the Nene valley) will be reported on elsewhere. These sites are of suspected Iron Age to Roman date and belong more appropriately in separate publications on the later prehistoric and Roman archaeology of the Raunds area and the Raunds Area Survey volume (Parry forthcoming). The surveys reported on here are those that were carried out by the AML in the 1990s on sites which contain major Neolithic and early Bronze Age archaeology or monuments. Some of the sites have been complicated by later activity – such as the remains of the deserted Saxon and medieval settlement at West Cotton – but have nevertheless been included on the basis that they include significant earlier prehistoric phases. On the basis of these criteria a total of six individual geophysical surveys can be discussed encompassing the following range of sites in the order in which they were surveyed.

The Neolithic and early Bronze Age archaeology of the Raunds area investigated by geophysical survey

This article reports on 10 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates from early phases of the Early Bronze Age at the long-lived settlement of Pella (modern Tabaqat Fahl) in the north Jordan Valley. The new AMS dates fall between 3400 and 2800 cal BC, and support a recent suggestion that all Chalcolithic period occupation had ceased by 3800/3700 cal BC at the latest (Bourke et al. 2004b). Other recently published Early Bronze Age 14C data strongly supports this revisionist scenario, suggesting that the earliest phase of the Early Bronze Age (EBA I) occupied much of the 4th millennium cal BC (3800/3700 to 3100/3000 cal BC). As this EB I period in the Jordan Valley is generally viewed as the key precursor phase in the development of urbanism (Joffe 1993), this revisionist chronology has potentially radical significance for understanding both the nature and speed of the move from village settlement towards a complex urban lifeway.

/pdf/the-beginning-of-the-early-bronze-age-in-the-north-jordan-atig3a606s.pdf

The Beginning of the Early Bronze Age in the North Jordan Valley: New 14C Determinations from Pella in Jordan

Liste des dates provenant d'echantillons de Grande-Bretagne, d'Italie, de Malte, du Pakistan, de Pologne, de Russie et du Soudan, d'Oman. Ces echantillons de collagene preleves sur des ossements d'animaux datent au moins du Neolithique. Les AA expliquent la methode utilisee en introduction. Cette liste de dates complete la liste XXIV publiee dans Archaeometry.

Radiocarbon measurements from the British Museum : Datelist XXIV

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Radiocarbon measurements from the British Museum : Datelist XXIV