Ninety-eight isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from barley and wheat grown in Erzurum, Turkey. Of these, 78% were Rhizoctoniasolani (AG-2 type 1, AG-3, AG-4, AG-5 and AG-11), 10% were binucleate Rhizoctonia (AG-I and AG-K) and the remainder were Waitea circinata var circinata (Rhizoctonia sp.). Among the binucleate Rhizoctonia, AG-I was not recovered from barley. In pathogenicity tests on barley and wheat, the highest disease severity was caused by isolates of AG-4 and AG-11, whereas isolates of AG-2 type 1, AG-3, AG-5 and W. c. var circinata were moderately virulent. Isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia were all nonpathogenic. This is the first report of R. solani AG-11 and W. c. var circinata from Turkey.

Rhizoctonia species and anastomosis groups isolated from barley and wheat in Erzurum, Turkey

Isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with barley, canola, clover, lucerne, lupin, annual Medicago spp. (medic), and wheat were recovered during the conduct of a 4-year (2000 to 2003) crop rotation trial in the Western Cape province of South Africa. These isolates were characterized by determining their anastomosis group (AG), in vitro optimum growth temperature, and pathogenicity toward emerging and 14-day-old seedlings of all the aforementioned crops. During the 4-year rotational trial, 428 Rhizoctonia isolates, in all, were obtained. The most abundant multinucleate AG was AG-4 HG-II (69%), followed by AG-2-1 (19%), AG-3 (8%), AG-2-2 (2%), and AG-11 (2%). The population of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. comprised AG-K (53%), AG-A (10%), AG-I (5%), and unidentified AGs (32%). The optimal time for isolating Rhizoctonia spp. was found to be at the flowering or seedpod stage (20 to 22 weeks after planting). Temperature studies showed that isolates belonging to AG-2-2, AG-4 HG-II, and AG-K had significantly higher optimum growth temperatures than those from other AGs. In pathogenicity assays conducted on emerging as well as 14-day-old seedlings, isolates of AG-2-2 and AG-4 HG-II were the most virulent on all crops. Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-1 was highly virulent on canola, moderately virulent on medic and lupin, weakly virulent on lucerne and barley, and nonpathogenic on wheat. AG-11 isolates were moderate to weakly virulent on all crops, with the exception of barley and wheat. AG-3 was weakly virulent on canola, lupin, and medic. AG-K was the only binucleate Rhizoctonia sp. capable of inciting disease in our assays. This is the first comprehensive study to elucidate the identity and potential importance of Rhizoctonia spp. as a yield limiting factor in crop production systems in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

/pdf/characterization-of-rhizoctonia-spp-recovered-from-crop-4l6gewd5tt.pdf

Characterization of Rhizoctonia spp. Recovered from Crop Plants Used in Rotational Cropping Systems in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

Cereal crops are susceptible to infection by several species and inter- and intraspecific groups of Rhizoctonia. Symptoms caused by these pathogens are diverse and include preemergence damping-off, root rot, foliar blight, hypocotyl rot and sheath blight. Root diseases are the most damaging to cereals, and therefore, are the primary focus of this paper. In addition, although all cereals are susceptible to infection by Rhizoctonia spp., diseases of wheat and barley are emphasized due to the limited number of reports on the diseases and species of Rhizoctonia that affect other cereal crops. Diseases of rice caused by Rhizoctonia spp. are discussed in the chapter by T. Hashiba.

Characterization of Rhizoctonia Isolates, Disease Occurrence and Management in Cereals

Detection of Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 in soil using a specific DNA probe

Double-stranded RNA elements in Rhizoctonia solani AG 3

Rhizoctonia‐like fungi were isolated from the roots of diseased wheat plants sampled from the centre and periphery of three bare patches, and from apparently healthy plants from outside the patches. Of the isolates recovered, 81% were multinucleate and belonged to R. solani anastomosis group 8, and pectic zymogram group 1‐1; the remaining isolates were binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. The multinucleate isolates could be grouped into highly virulent, intermediately virulent, and weakly virulent types. The binucleate isolates were all non‐pathogenic. The multinucleate isolates were obtained at a significantly higher frequency from plants within the patches compared with outside the patches, and with the exception of a single isolate, the highly virulent isolates were not found outside the patches. The weakly virulent isolates were present at much lower frequencies than the highly virulent and intermediately virulent forms within the patches. The frequency of occurrence of binucleate isolates did not vary significantly among the locations sampled. None of the multinucleate isolates contained plasmids. Some of the isolates contained a prominent single dsRNA species and one or more minor dsRNA species. The distribution of these dsRNAs was not correlated with pathogenicity.

Association of Rhizoctonia strains with bare patch disease of wheat in Western Australia

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Association of Rhizoctonia strains with bare patch disease of wheat in Western Australia