In the current article, we address the problem of constructing radiofrequency identification (RFID)-augmented environments for mobile robots and the issues related to creating user interfaces for efficient remote navigation with a mobile robot in such environments. First, we describe an RFID-based positioning and obstacle identification solution for remotely controlled mobile robots in indoor environments. In the robot system, an architecture specifically developed by the authors for remotely controlled robotic systems was tested in practice. Second, using the developed system, three techniques for displaying information about the position and movements of a remote robot to the user were compared. The experimental visualization techniques displayed the position of the robot on an indoor floor plan augmented with (1) a video view from a camera attached to the robot, (2) display of nearby obstacles (identified using RFID technology) on the floor plan, and (3) both features. In the experiment, test subjects controlled the mobile robot through predetermined routes as quickly as possible avoiding collisions. The results suggest that the developed RFID-based environment and the remote control system can be used for efficient control of mobile robots. The results from the comparison of the visualization techniques showed that the technique without a camera view (2) was the fastest, and the number of steering motions made was smallest using this technique, but it also had the highest need for physical human interventions. The technique with both additional features (3) was subjectively preferred by the users. The similarities and differences between the current results and those found in the literature are discussed.

Remote navigation of a mobile robot in an RFID-augmented environment

Wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN) are a combination of embedded, wireless and positioning technologies. Existing geospatial standards used in location-aware systems can be applied in building these networks, but they present challenges due to the characters of the geosensor networks. In this paper, we present a study of geospatial standards related to location-aware system platform for improving its interoperability. The location-aware system platform used here is Locawe. Locawe has been developed in CENTRIA and tested with wireless sensor and actuator network technologies in various industrial pilots including precision agriculture. This paper includes an experimental part, where we focus on geospatial standards in WSAN. In this field, geospatial standards are still under specification. Our first results show that geospatial standards can be applied also in WSAN, with certain limitations. These limitations are mainly related to low-rate data transmission and limited computing resources. We propose also further directions in standardization, which would be needed for geosensor networks and wireless applications for machines and systems.

Developing geosensor network support for Locawe platform: application of standards in low-rate communication context

In the current paper, we report a study on parallel collaborative learning between students in the classroom using a desktop computer and students in the field using a mobile device. The students were provided with location-based communication techniques including route tracking, chat messaging, photo transmission, information points and a drawing tool. The experimental system was evaluated by 12 students, who participated both in the classroom and in the field. The students rated the communication support, learning support and usability of the developed techniques. The results showed that the techniques supported the students' interaction and learning well, and were highly usable. The results also suggest that the students' theoretical knowledge provided by classroom teaching can be extended by facilitating practical understanding with parallel learning using mobile communications. We suggest that the current approach is a fruitful combination of many contemporary learning paradigms such as collaborative learning, situated learning and problem-based learning.

Location-based communication techniques in parallel learning between the classroom and the field

RFID technique in remote control system

The use of Mobile Robots to interact with objects in remote locations has proved to be useful in areas not easily accessible or too dangerous for humans. Various means have been used to remotely operate or control Mobile Robots. These range from wired connection to Wireless connection like radio frequency signal and more recently internet controlled Mobile Robot using the TCP/IP protocol stack. However, the problem of remote control dependence on the Mobile Robot Platform or configuration has made it difficult to switch controllers between Mobile Robots. In this work, a portable IPbased remote control system has been designed and implemented to remove the constraint imposed by the Mobile Robot's platform in choosing the control interface. The system developed was built on three loosely coupled components working together to ensure a high degree of Control interface portability. The Mobile Robot Gateway component was used to receive and send data from the Mobile Robot.

/pdf/development-of-a-portable-ip-based-remote-controlled-system-3ed60lihah.pdf

Development of a Portable IP-Based Remote Controlled System for Mobile Robot

In the current paper, we describe a remotely controlled robotic system and an experimental comparison of three techniques for displaying information about the position and movements of a remote robot to the user. The developed system was based on a mobile robot (Evolution Robotics' ER-1) and Locawe, which is a platform for developing location-aware systems. The experimental techniques displayed the position of the robot on an indoor floor plan augmented with 1) a video view from a camera attached to a robot 2) displaying nearby obstacles (identified using RFID technology) on the floor plan, and 3) both features. 10 subjects controlled the mobile robot through predetermined routes in an indoor environment as quickly as possible avoiding collisions. The results showed that all three developed techniques were successful. The technique without a camera view (2) was the fastest, and number of steering motions made was smallest using this technique, but it also had the highest need for physical human interventions. The technique with both additional features (3) was subjectively preferred by the users.

Improving the Remote Control of a Mobile Robot Using Positioning and Ubiquitous Techniques

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Improving the Remote Control of a Mobile Robot Using Positioning and Ubiquitous Techniques