IgE antibodies are usually thought to induce only immediate skin reactions. We have shown that the intradermal injection of a number of different allergens can produce a prolonged inflammatory reaction after the immediate wheal and flare in most sensitive subjects. This late inflammatory response occurs 6-12 h after challenge and is characterized by diffuse edema, erythema, pruritus, and heat. Both immediate and late responses can also be seen after passive sensitization of skin sites in nonatopic subjects. That IgE is involved in inducing the reaction was shown by the abolition of both immediate and late responses by passive transfer tests in the following experiments: (a) heating atopic serum at 56degreesC for 4 h, (b) removing IgE from the atopic serum by a solid phase anti-IgE immunoabsorbent, and (c) competitively inhibiting the binding of IgE antibodies to cells by an IgE myeloma protein. In addition, both responses were induced by affinity chromatography-purified IgE antibody, followed by antigenic challenge. Very similar lesions could also be induced by intradermal injection of Compound 48/80, thus suggesting a central role in the reaction for the mast cell or basophil. Histologically, the late phase is characterized by edema and a mixed cellular infiltration, predominantly lymphocytic but also containing eosinophils, neutrophils and basophils. Direct immunofluorescent staining did not show deposition of immunoglobulins or complement components, except IgM in 2 of 15 and C3 in 1 of 15 patients. This finding indicates that the late phase does not depend on the deposition of immune complexes. The results of the study suggest that IgE-allergen interaction on the surfaces of mast cells or on infiltrating basophils causes both immediate and late cutaneous responses.

/pdf/the-late-phase-of-the-immediate-wheal-and-flare-skin-3mp1wbzuub.pdf

The late phase of the immediate wheal and flare skin reaction. Its dependence upon IgE antibodies.

When tissue sections are extracted with 0.1 N HCl, cellular nuclear proteins, including histones, are removed but nuclear DNA is retained. Histones can be reconstituted back to nuclear DNA in acid-extracted tissue sections so that the resulting nuclear substrate is composed only of DNA and histones and does not contain acidic nuclear protein antigens. The resulting DNA-histone tissue substrate can be used in the immunofluorescent method for specific detention of antibodies to histones. Sera from 23 patients with drug-induced lupus erythematosus (procainamide 19, isoniazid 2, nitrofurantoin 2) and 20 patients with idiopathic (not drug-induced) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied. All 23 patients with drug-induced lupus erythematosus (LE) lost nuclear staining on acid-extracted sections. In contrast, only 12 of 20 with idiopathic SLE lost nuclear staining on acid-extracted tissues, and in the remaining 8, there was no significant fall in titer. In the drug-induced LE group, loss of nuclear staining was due to the absence of histones on the substrate because with histone-reconstituted sections, 22 of 23 again became positive for nuclear staining at titers equal to or at one doubling dilution below titers on unextracted tissues. In contrast, of the 12 idiopathic SLE sera which lost nuclear staining, only 5 regained nuclear staining on histone-reconstituted tissue sections. In idiopathic SLE, antinuclear antibodies are heterogeneous in specificities and may consist of antibodies to native DNA, histones, or nonhistone proteins. In contrast, antinuclear antibodies in drug-induced LE are less heterogeneous and mainly consist of antibodies to histones.

/pdf/antibodies-to-histones-in-drug-induced-and-idiopathic-lupus-11ixrbz6i6.pdf

Antibodies to Histones in Drug-Induced and Idiopathic Lupus Erythematosus

Summary. Ram spermatozoa were washed with hypotonic tris-HCl buffer and obtained almost free of seminal plasma and cytoplasmic droplets. Acrosomes were dislodged by incubating the spermatozoa with a cationic detergent (Hyamine 2389). The acrosomal preparation and the buffer washings were examined for the following lysosomal enzymes: acid phosphatase, aryl sulphatase, \g=b\-N-acetylglucosaminidase, phospholipase A and proteases. All enzyme activities were detected, both in washings and in acrosomal preparations. The levels of activity in the latter were much higher than could be expected on the assumption that all activities were due to contamination by washings. Protease activity was greatest at pH 7\m=.\5. After vital staining with Euchrysine 3R, acrosomal fluorescence in ram, bull, boar and human spermatozoa is not very conspicuous. However, acrosomes of guinea-pig, hamster and several rodents show the brilliant orange-red fluorescence typical of lysosomes. As spermatids mature, red-fluorescing granules around the Golgi zone condense to form the red-fluorescent pro-acrosomes. Acid phosphatase was detectable histochemically in granules, pro\x=req-\ acrosomes, acrosomes and the pellets obtained by high-speed centrifugation of acrosomal preparations. At all developmental stages, histochemical tests for bromochloroindoxyl acetate esterase showed that this enzyme was present only in the acrosome. The evidence suggests that the acrosome is a specialized lysosome which evolved to facilitate fertilization in multicellular organisms.

/pdf/lysosomal-enzymes-in-the-acrosome-and-their-possible-role-in-1y58mcbdhf.pdf

Lysosomal enzymes in the acrosome and their possible role in fertilization.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin belonging to the tricothecene family that has many toxic effects in animals, including diarrhea and weight loss. Using the human epithelial intestinal cell line HT-29-D4 as an in vitro model, we studied the effect of DON on the uptake of different classes of nutrients, including sugars, amino acids and lipids. At low concentrations (below 10 micro mol/L), DON selectively modulated the activities of intestinal transporters: the D-glucose/D-galactose sodium-dependent transporter (SGLT1) was strongly inhibited by the mycotoxin (50% inhibition at 10 micro mol DON, P < 0.05), followed by the D-fructose transporter GLUT5 (42% inhibition at 10 micro mol/L, P < 0.001), active and passive L-serine transporters (30 and 38% inhibition, respectively, at 10 micro mol/L, P < 0.05). The passive transporters of D-glucose (GLUT) were slightly inhibited by DON (15% inhibition at 1 micro mol/L, P < 0.01), whereas the transport of palmitate was increased by 35% at 10 micro mol/L DON (P < 0.001). In contrast, the uptake of cholesterol was not affected by the mycotoxin. At high concentrations (100 micro mol/L), SGLT1 activity was inhibited by 76% (P < 0.01), whereas the activities of all other transporters were increased. The selective effects of DON on intestinal transporters were mimicked by cycloheximide and deoxycholate, suggesting that inhibition of protein synthesis and induction of apoptosis are the main mechanisms of DON toxicity in intestinal cells.

/pdf/the-mycotoxin-deoxynivalenol-affects-nutrient-absorption-in-yue39v3zb8.pdf

The Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol Affects Nutrient Absorption in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Membrane filtration and epifluorescent microscopy were used for the direct enumeration of bacteria in raw milk. Somatic cells were lysed by treatment with trypsin and Triton X-100 so that 2 ml of milk containing up to 5 x 10 somatic cells/ml could be filtered. The majority of the bacteria (ca. 80%) remained intact and were concentrated on the membrane. After being stained with acridine organe, the bacteria fluoresced under ultraviolet light and could easily be counted. The clump count of orange fluorescing cells on the membrane correlated well (r = 0.91) with the corresponding plate count for farm, tanker, and silo milks. Differences between counts obtained by different operators and between the membrane clump count and plate count were not significant. The technique is rapid, taking less than 25 min, inexpensive, costing less than 50 cents per sample, and is suitable for milks containing 5 x 10 to 5 x 10 bacteria per ml.

Rapid membrane filtration-epifluorescent microscopy technique for direct enumeration of bacteria in raw milk.

1. The fluorochrome, acridin orange (AO), allows identification of basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in the supravital state.2. The fluorescence picture of hepatic cells after treatment with AO shows the hyaloplasm faint gray-green; flake-like or granular structures in the cytoplasm, bright red; the nuclei, with chromatin structures, green; the central part of the nucleoli red, their periphery green.3. The red-fluorescent cytoplasmic inclusions correspond to those observed with the toluidine-blue technique, and shown, by the RNase test, to consist mainly of RNA. The same is demonstrated by the changes of AO fluorescence after application of RNase to fresh or fixed tissues.4. The fluorescence picture given by other cell elements and tissues in the rat liver is described.5. Changes in the AO fluorescence of liver tissue with varying pH, dye concentration, staining time, action of salts, prolonged U.V. illumination, fixation, as well as the fluorescence of some biologically important substances (RNA, DNA, he...

Identification of cytoplasmic basophilia (ribonucleic acid) by fluorescence microscopy

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Ivar Bickis

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Identification of cytoplasmic basophilia (ribonucleic acid) by fluorescence microscopy