Survey, comparison and research challenges of IoT application protocols for smart farming

Internet of Things (IoT) is based on a wireless network that connects a huge number of smart objects, products, smart devices, and people It has another name which is Web of Things (WoT) IoT uses standards and protocols that are proposed by different standardization organizations in message passing within session layer Most of the IoT applications protocols use TCP or UDP for transport XMPP, CoAP, DDS, MQTT, and AMQP are grouped of the widely used application protocols Each one of these protocols have specific functions and are used in specific way to handle some issues This paper provides an overview for one of the most popular application layer protocols that is MQTT, including its architecture, message format, MQTT scope, and Quality of Service (QoS) for the MQTT levels MQTT works mainly as a pipe for binary data and provides a flexibility in communication patterns It is designed to provide a publish-subscribe messaging protocol with most possible minimal bandwidth requirements MQTT uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for transport MQTT is an open standard, giving a mechanisms to asynchronous communication, have a range of implementations, and it is working on IP

Internet of Things: Survey and open issues of MQTT protocol

\n With continued global market growth and an increasingly competitive environment, manufacturing industry is facing challenges and desires to seek continuous improvement. This effect is forcing manufacturers to squeeze every asset for maximum value and thereby calls for high-equipment effectiveness, and at the same time flexible and resilient manufacturing systems. Maintenance operations are essential to modern manufacturing systems in terms of minimizing unplanned down time, assuring product quality, reducing customer dissatisfaction, and maintaining advantages and competitiveness edge in the market. It has a long history that manufacturers struggle to find balanced maintenance strategies without significantly compromising system reliability or productivity. Intelligent maintenance systems (IMS) are designed to provide decision support tools to optimize maintenance operations. Intelligent prognostic and health management tools are imperative to identify effective, reliable, and cost-saving maintenance strategies to ensure consistent production with minimized unplanned downtime. This article aims to present a comprehensive review of the recent efforts and advances in prominent methods for maintenance in manufacturing industries over the last decades, identifying the existing research challenges, and outlining directions for future research.

Intelligent Maintenance Systems and Predictive Manufacturing

Fruits and vegetables are highly nutritious agricultural produce with tremendous human health benefits. They are also highly perishable and as such are easily susceptible to spoilage, leading to a reduction in quality attributes and induced food loss. Cold chain technologies have over the years been employed to reduce the quality loss of fruits and vegetables from farm to fork. However, a high amount of losses (≈50%) still occur during the packaging, pre-cooling, transportation, and storage of these fresh agricultural produce. This study highlights the current state-of-the-art of various advanced tools employed to reducing the quality loss of fruits and vegetables during the packaging, storage, and transportation cold chain operations, including the application of imaging technology, spectroscopy, multi-sensors, electronic nose, radio frequency identification, printed sensors, acoustic impulse response, and mathematical models. It is shown that computer vision, hyperspectral imaging, multispectral imaging, spectroscopy, X-ray imaging, and mathematical models are well established in monitoring and optimizing process parameters that affect food quality attributes during cold chain operations. We also identified the Internet of Things (IoT) and virtual representation models of a particular fresh produce (digital twins) as emerging technologies that can help monitor and control the uncharted quality evolution during its postharvest life. These advances can help diagnose and take measures against potential problems affecting the quality of fresh produce in the supply chains. Plausible future pathways to further develop these emerging technologies and help in the significant reduction of food losses in the supply chain of fresh produce are discussed. Future research should be directed towards integrating IoT and digital twins for multiple shipments in order to intensify real-time monitoring of the cold chain environmental conditions, and the eventual optimization of the postharvest supply chains. This study gives promising insight towards the use of advanced technologies in reducing losses in the postharvest supply chain of fruits and vegetables.

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Recent Advances in Reducing Food Losses in the Supply Chain of Fresh Agricultural Produce

Internet of Things (IoT) can be defined as a physical object which are connected over internet or an embedded system which consists of electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity module like modem or Wi-Fi which enable the device to connect over internet so that data can be exchanged and will be able to control the embedded device from anywhere over internet. IoT devices helps to connect all sensors which help to monitor and control electronic or mechanical systems. IoT system are very useful in industries where humans are unable to enter like a radiation room etc. Nowadays IoT systems are used in government sectors for security and in-home security and home automation [4]. But still it's not common as the cost of IoT devices is high and the modularity is less. To make the device modular we need to find a best way of communication protocol so that the latency of the communication will be less. This paper presents the comparison of best to protocol and which is the best protocol which we need to use to reduce the latency and make the device modular and able to control remotely.

Comparison with HTTP and MQTT In Internet of Things (IoT)

In this paper, a web-based Internet of things solution aimed for monitoring, tracking and analyzing data in agriculture area is proposed. The purpose of the presented solution is to facilitate monitoring of different manufacturing process in mentioned area using IoT technologies. A real time data is achieved using broker-based publishing/subscribing Message Queue Telemetry Transport protocol which is briefly described. Using this protocol limitations resulting from constrained networks in rural areas are avoided. Collected data from sensors is shown and stored in web part of the information system. An architecture of the web application is described as a client-server three-tier architecture in which the graphical user interface (presentation layer), application functions and logic (application layer) and computer data storage (database layer) are developed and maintained as independent modules, on separate platforms. This type of implementation is developed by the manufacturers need for monitoring and tracking data. This architecture is based on future concrete implementation, at least in segments, in several agricultural facilities in Virovitica-Podravina County.

A web-based IoT solution for monitoring data using MQTT protocol

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A web-based IoT solution for monitoring data using MQTT protocol