Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) include α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 ω-3), stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4 ω-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 ω-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5 ω-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 ω-3). In the past few decades, many epidemiological studies have been conducted on the myriad health benefits of omega-3 PUFAs. In this review, we summarized the structural features, properties, dietary sources, metabolism, and bioavailability of omega-3 PUFAs and their effects on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, depression, visual and neurological development, and maternal and child health. Even though many health benefits of omega-3 PUFAs have been reported in the literature, there are also some controversies about their efficacy and certain benefits to human health.

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-food-111317-095850

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Health Benefits

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, primarily affecting the joints, then extra-articular manifestations can occur. Due to its complexity, which is based on an incompletely elucidated pathophysiological mechanism, good RA management requires a multidisciplinary approach. The clinical status of RA patients has improved in recent years due to medical advances in diagnosis and treatment, that have made it possible to reduce disease activity and prevent systemic complications. The most promising results were obtained by developing disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), the class to which conventional synthetic, biologic, and targeted synthetic drugs belong. Furthermore, ongoing drug development has led to obtaining molecules with improved efficacy and safety profiles, but further research is needed until RA turns into a curable pathology. In the present work, we offer a comprehensive perspective on the management of RA, by centralizing the existing data provided by significant literature, emphasizing the importance of an early and accurate diagnosis associated with optimal personalized treatment in order to achieve better outcomes for RA patients. In addition, this study suggests future research perspectives in the treatment of RA that could lead to higher efficacy and safety profiles and lower financial costs.

Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview

Handbook of Psychiatric Measures

Lepping’s view that rights under the European Convention on Human Rights were not ‘implemented’ in Britain until the Human Rights Act 1998 is incomplete ( Psychiatric Bulletin , 2003, 27 , 285-289). The UK has been a signatory to the ECHR since its outset in 1951. Since 1966, it has granted

/pdf/european-convention-on-human-rights-3z5027q7s4.pdf

European Convention on Human Rights

We conducted this meta-analysis of double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials to estimate the efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in the improvement of depression. We applied a systematic bibliographic search in PubMed and EMBASE for articles published prior to 20 December 2017. This meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and R 3.4.3, and means and standard deviations were calculated in fixed- or random-effects models based on the results of the Q-test. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to evaluate the stability of the results, and publication bias was evaluated by a funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression analysis. Our search resulted in 180 articles; we analyzed 26 studies, which included 2160 participants. The meta-analysis showed an overall beneficial effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on depression symptoms (SMD = −0.28, P = 0.004). Compared with placebo, EPA-pure (=100% EPA) and EPA-major formulations (≥60% EPA) demonstrated clinical benefits with an EPA dosage ≤1 g/d (SMD = −0.50, P = 0.003, and SMD = −1.03, P = 0.03, respectively), whereas DHA-pure and DHA-major formulations did not exhibit such benefits. Current evidence supports the finding that omega-3 PUFAs with EPA ≥ 60% at a dosage of ≤1 g/d would have beneficial effects on depression. Further studies are warranted to examine supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs for specific subgroups of subjects with inflammation, severity of depression, and the dose response for both EPA and DHA supplementation.

/pdf/efficacy-of-omega-3-pufas-in-depression-a-meta-analysis-1esnj6sfve.pdf

Efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs in depression: A meta-analysis.

Background 

Trials evaluating efficacy of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) in major depressive disorder report discrepant findings.

Aims 

To establish the reasons underlying inconsistent findings among randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of omega-3 HUFAs for depression and to assess implications for further trials.

Method 

A systematic bibliographic search of double-blind RCTs was conducted between January 1980 and July 2014 and an exploratory hypothesis-testing meta-analysis performed in 35 RCTs including 6665 participants receiving omega-3 HUFAs and 4373 participants receiving placebo.

Results 

Among participants with diagnosed depression, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-predominant formulations (>50% EPA) demonstrated clinical benefits compared with placebo (Hedge's G = 0.61, P 50% DHA) did not. EPA failed to prevent depressive symptoms among populations not diagnosed for depression.

Conclusions 

Further RCTs should be conducted on study populations with diagnosed or clinically significant depression of adequate duration using EPA-predominant omega-3 HUFA formulations.

/pdf/efficacy-of-omega-3-highly-unsaturated-fatty-acids-in-the-1kogvhdwb1.pdf

Efficacy of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of depression.

AIMS AND METHOD We examined the prescribing practices concerning benzodiazepine and 
hypnotic medications at a university teaching hospital. Retrospective data 
from 74 consecutively admitted in-patients were analysed. RESULTS Benzodiazepines were prescribed to 51% of individuals on a routine basis 
and to 66% of individuals on an ‘as required’ basis. An indication 
was documented for 70% of individuals prescribed benzodiazepines routinely and 
for 29% of patients prescribed benzodiazepines ‘as required’. 
Hypnotic agents were administered to 24% of patients on a routine basis and 
23% of individuals on an ‘as required’ basis. An indication was 
documented for 39% of patients prescribed hypnotic agents routinely and 12% of 
patients prescribed hypnotics ‘as required’. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Benzodiazepine and hypnotic agents are frequently prescribed without any 
clear reason provided in the patients’ medical notes or prescription 
card.

Benzodiazepine and hypnotic prescribing in an acute adult psychiatric in-patient unit

We describe two cases reports, demonstrating an association between clozapine treatment and stuttering. Stuttering in both cases was dose-related and a significant improvement was noted when the dose of clozapine was reduced.

Clozapine induced stuttering.

Objectives: To assess whether transition from the Mental Treatment Act (MTA), 1945 to the Mental Health Act (MHA), 2001 has had any impact on the clinical profile of patients in the West Galway Mental Health Services who are admitted on an involuntary basis.Methods: Data were collected from clinical records in relation to all those individuals residing in the West Galway Mental Health Services who were admitted involuntarily in the 12 months prior to and subsequent to the introduction of the MHA 2001.Results: A total of 175 individuals were included in this study (n = 91 - MTA 1945; and n = 84 - MHA 2001). No significant differences were found between the two groups in relation to demographic data, rates of involuntary detention or duration of involuntary detention. The applicant was less likely to be a family member under the MHA 2001 (54%) than the MTA 1945 (85%).Conclusions: Transition from the MTA 1945 to the MHA 2001 has had minimal impact on the admission rates, clinical profile or duration of detention of patients admitted involuntarily in the West Galway Mental Health Services.

Has the Mental Health Act 2001 altered the clinical profile of involuntary admissions

We read with interest the evaluation of prescription quality on an in-patient mental health unit by Ved & Coupe ( Psychiatric Bulletin, August 2007, 31 , [293-294][1]). We have recently completed an audit of prescription quality of ‘as required’ medication on our acute psychiatric in-patient

/pdf/improving-prescription-quality-in-an-in-patient-mental-1uue605prx.pdf

Improving prescription quality in an in-patient mental health unit

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