A system and method for voice transmission over high level network protocols. On the Internet and the World Wide Web, such high level protocols are HTTP/TCP. The restrictions imposed by firewalls and proxy servers are avoided by using HTTP level connections to transmit voice data. In addition, packet delivery guarantees are obtained by using TCP instead of UDP. Variable compression based on silence detection takes advantage of the natural silences and pauses in human speech, thus reducing the delays in transmission caused by using HTTP/TCP. The silence detection includes the ability to bookend the voice data sent with small portions of silence to insure that the voice sounds natural. Finally, the voice data is transmitted to each client computer independently from a common circular list of voice data, thus insuring that all clients will stay current with the most recent voice data. The combination of these features enables simple, seamless, and interactive Internet conferencing.

System and method for voice transmission over network protocols

This is a method provided for performing focus detection, ambiguity resolution and mood classification (815) in accordance with multi-modal input data, in varying operating conditions, in order to provide an effective conversational computing environment (418, 422) for one or more users (812).

System and method for multi-modal focus detection, referential ambiguity resolution and mood classification using multi-modal input

A method of speech signal compression, by variable rate coding of frames of digitized speech samples, comprising the steps of: determining a level of speech activity for a frame of digitized speech samples; selecting an encoding rate from a set of rates based upon said determined level of speech activity within said frame; coding said frame according to a predetermined coding format for said selected rate wherein each rate has a corresponding different coding format; providing for said frame a corresponding output data packet at said selected rate.

Variable rate vocoder

Efficient voice activity detection algorithms using long-term speech information

Cepstral domain segmental feature vector normalization for noise robust speech recognition

A description is given of the voice activity detector (VAD) standardized by CEPT for use in the Pan-European digital cellular mobile telephone service The speech-coding algorithm chosen is a 13-kb/s speech coder, using a technique in which speech is produced at the decoder by passing a substitute for the residual through long-term and short-term predictor filters The difficulties of detecting speech in a noisy environment are discussed, and the performance tests carried out to validate the design are described The tests show that clipping levels are very low but that low levels of speech activity are recorded in conversations The VAD has low complexity (because it uses the results of analysis performed in the speech coder) and is failsafe in difficult conditions >

The voice activity detector for the Pan-European digital cellular mobile telephone service

Voice activity detector (VAD) for use in an LPC coder in a mobile radio system uses autocorrelation coefficient R 0 , R 1 . . . of the input signal, weighted and combined, to provide a measure M which depends on the power within that part of the spectrum containing no noise, which is thresholded against a variable threshold to provide a speech/no speech logic output. The measure is formula (I), where H i are the autocorrelation coefficients of the impulse response of an Nth order FIR inverse noise filter derived from LPC analysis of previous non-speech signal frames. Threshold adaption and coefficient update are controlled by a second VAD response to rate of spectral change between frames.

Voice activity detection

The use of discontinuous transmission (DTX) in digital cellular radio is discussed, and the role of the voice activity detector (VAD) in a DTX system is considered. A block diagram of the VAD is given, and its function of distinguishing between speech superimposed on background noise and noise without speech present is described.

A voice activity detector for the Pan-European digital cellular mobile telephone service

Speech is analyzed to derive the parameters of a synthesis filter and the parameters of a suitable excitation which is selected from a codebook of excitation frames. The selection of the codebook entry is facilitated by determining a single-pulse excitation (e.g., using conventional multipulse excitation techniques), and using the position of this pulse to narrow the codebook search.

Speech coding using sparse vector codebook and cyclic shift techniques

The paper presents a new criterion for designing a power-system stabiliser, which is that it should cancel the negative damping torque inherent in a synchronous generator and automatic voltage regulator. The method arises from analysis based on the properties of tensor invariance, but it is easily implemented, and leads to the design of an adaptive controller. Extensive computations and simulation have been performed, and laboratory tests have been conducted on a computer-controlled micromachine system. Results are presented illustrating the effectiveness of the adaptive stabiliser.

An adaptive power-system stabiliser which cancels the negative damping torque of a synchronous generator

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