The direct oxidation fuel cell of the invention includes at least one unit cell, the unit cell including: a membrane-electrode assembly including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween; an anode-side separator; and a cathode-side separator. The cathode includes a first cathode catalyst layer, a diffusion layer being in contact with the cathode-side separator, and an intermediate layer disposed therebetween. The intermediate layer includes a second cathode catalyst layer and a porous composite layer, the porous composite layer containing a hydrophobic material and an electron-conductive material. The anode-side separator has a fuel flow channel, and the cathode-side separator has an oxidant flow channel. At least a portion of the intermediate layer facing the upstream portion of the fuel flow channel includes the second cathode catalyst layer, and at least portions of the intermediate layer facing the midstream and downstream portions of the fuel flow channel include the porous composite layer.

Direct oxidation fuel cell

A paste suitable for a negative plate of a lead-acid battery comprises lead oxide and composite particles comprising carbon and silica

Lead-Acid Batteries and Pastes Therefor

The present invention, in part, relates to a carbon black having a) a nitrogen BET surface area (BET) of from about 600 m 2 /g to about 2100 m 2 /g, b) a CDBP value in mL/100 g of from about (−2.8+(b*BET)) to about (108+(b*BET)), where b is 0.087 and BET is expressed in m2/g, and c) an apparent density (p, g/cm 3 ) of at least about 0.820+q*BET, where q=−2.5×10 −4 , as determined at a compressive force (P) of 200 kgf/cm 2 on dry carbon black powder. Energy storage devices, such as electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC's), containing the carbon black are also disclosed. Methods for making the carbon blacks and EDLC's made with them are also provided.

High surface area and low structure carbon blacks for energy storage applications

A method and/or electrochemical cell for utilising one or more gas diffusion5 electrodes (GDEs) in an electrochemical cell, the one or more gas diffusion electrodes have a wetting pressure and/or a bubble point exceeding 0.2 bar. The one or more gas diffusion electrodes can be subjected to a pressure differential between a liquid side and a gas side. A pressure on the liquid side of the GDE over the gas side does not exceed the wetting pressure of the GDE during10 operation (in cases where a liquid electrolyte side has higher pressure), and/or a pressure on the gas side of the GDE over the liquid side, does not exceeds the bubble point of the GDE (in cases where the gas side has the higher pressure).

Method and electrochemical cell for managing electrochemical reactions

An electrode for a water splitting device, the electrode comprising a gas permeable material, a second material, for example a further gas permeable material, a spacer layer positioned between the gas permeable material and the second material, the spacer layer providing a gas collection layer and a conducting layer. The conducting layer can be provided adjacent to or at least partially within the gas permeable material. The gas collection layer is able to transport gas internally in the electrode. The gas permeable materials can be gas permeable membranes. Also disclosed are electrochemical cells using such an electrode as the cathode and/or anode, and methods for bringing about gas-to- liquid or liquid-to-gas transformations, for example for producing hydrogen.

Gas permeable electrodes and electrochemical cells

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell with improved durability by restraining permeation of fuel and an oxidant between an anode and a cathode. SOLUTION: The membrane-electrode assembly for the fuel cell 10 is formed by laminating the anode; a polymer electrolyte membrane 2 having proton conductivity; an inside electrode 3 having electron conductivity; an electron conductive polymer electrolyte membrane 4 having proton conductivity and electron conductivity; and the cathode 5; in a thickness direction of the polymer electrolyte membrane 2 in this sequence. A thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane 2 is thinner than that of the electron conductive polymer electrolyte membrane 4. The fuel cell utilizing the membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell use 10 is provided. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high polymer solid electrolyte fuel cell wherein materials composing a fuel cell such as an ion exchange membrane and the like can be prevented from being chemically deteriorated. SOLUTION: An internal electrode 2 is provided in an electrolyte 4 comprising a proton conductor, and a voltage applying means 5 is provided between the internal electrode 2 and a fuel electrode 3 or a oxidizer electrode 1. Fuel and/or oxidizer moving in the electrolyte 4 is controlled by applying a voltage to the internal electrode 2 to suppress deterioration of the electrolyte 4. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Fuel cell and its control method

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel cell generation system in which fuel can be left remained in a fuel electrode of a fuel cell at the operation stop of the fuel cell and which is advantageous in starting up the operation of the fuel cell rapidly, and its control method. SOLUTION: The fuel cell generation system comprises a fuel cell 7 having an electrolyte formed of a proton conductor 4, a fuel electrode 3, and an oxidizer electrode 1, a fuel passage 13 for supplying fuel to the fuel electrode 3, and an oxidizer passage 17 for supplying oxidizer to the oxidizer electrode 1. The fuel cell 17 has at least one internal electrode 2 inside the electrolyte. Fuel-remain-realization-means 21, 22 for making the fuel remain in the fuel electrode 3 of the fuel cell 7 at the operation stop of the fuel cell 7 are provided. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Fuel cell power generation system and its control method

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell advantageous for improving a bonding property of a cathode side electrolyte membrane and an inner electrocatalyst layer, and to provide a method of manufacturing the same. SOLUTION: The membrane electrode assembly 1 for the fuel cell has an electrolyte 2 having proton conductivity, a cathode catalyst layer 3 bonded with one surface of the electrolyte membrane 2 in the thickness direction, an anode catalyst layer 4 bonded with the other surface of the electrolyte membrane 2 in the thickness direction, a cathode diffusion layer 5 laminated outside the cathode catalyst layer 3, and an anode diffusion layer 6 laminated outside the anode catalyst layer 4. The electrolyte membrane 2 includes the inner electrocatalyst layer 20 having conductivity, a cathode side electrolyte membrane 21 which is installed between the inner electrocatalyst layer 20 and the cathode catalyst layer 3, and electrically connects the inner electrocatalyst layer 20 and the cathode catalyst layer 3, and a bonding intermediate layer 26 which is arranged between the inner electrocatalyst layer 20 and the cathode side electrolyte membrane 21 has conductivity, proton conductivity, and improved bonding property of the inner electrocatalyst layer 20 with the cathode side electrolyte membrane 21. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell and method of manufacturing the same

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Membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell

Fuel cell and its control method

Fuel cell power generation system and its control method

Membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell and method of manufacturing the same