Introduction: To determine whether the profile of patients diagnosed with HIV changed during the years 1996-2005. Material and methods: Data from 407 patients diagnosed with HIV between 1996 and 2005 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The patients were grouped according to the year in which they were diagnosed with HIV. The age, gender, route of transmission, CD4 lymphocyte count, clinical evaluation according to CDC, and presence of anti-HCV and HBsAg antigen were assessed at the time of diagnosis. Each group of parameters was compared according to the year in which the HIV infection was detected. Results: The group consisted of 407 patients: 291 men and 116 women. Men represent a larger proportion in each of the studied periods. The patients’ average age was 28.31 and was comparable in the individual years. The average level of CD4 lymphocytes in the entire group was 427.73 cells/mm3, and a change in the trend of their count was not observed over the years, although statistically significant differences were seen between the years (1996-1998, 1996-2004, 1998-2004, 2001-2004). In 2004, as many as 20.5% of the patients were simultaneously diagnosed with HIV and AIDS. In all of the studied periods, the use of intravenous drugs was the main route of transmission. It should be emphasized that, in 2005, the decrease in the percentage of such exposures was statistically significant. In the same year, there was also a statistically significant reduction in the number of patients in whom anti-HCV was detected (a statistically significant change compared to the results obtained during the other years). A significant difference in the frequency of anti-HBsAg was not observed over the years. Conclusions: We did not observe a stable trend of change in the profiles of newly diagnosed patients, in our region, despite some periodic differences. In 2005, a statistically significant decrease in the number of infections caused by intravenous drug use was observed. This drop had a substantial effect on the frequency of HCV co-infection.

/pdf/profile-of-patients-with-newly-diagnosed-hiv-in-the-lodz-46ni01qky3.pdf

Profile of patients with newly diagnosed HIV in the Łódź region in Poland from 1996 to 2005

Keller E., Reko Gy., Horvath M. Epidemiology and pathology of drug-related deaths in Budapest, Hungary 8-13. 06. 2002 Canada, Quebec, 64th annual meeting of CPDD Keller E., Horvath M., Sotonyi P. Drug related death in Budapest, Hungary – 03.-06. 09. 2003 Milan, Italy, IALM (International Academy of Legal Medicine) XIX Congress Horvath M., Keller E., Hurd Y.L. Specific alterations of dopamine and opioid systems in limbic-related neuronal populations of the midbrain in human heroin abusers. – 01.-04. 10. 2005, Lacco Ameno, Ischia, Italy, National Congress of the Italian Society of Neuroscience and Joint Italian-Swedish Neuroscience Meeting Horvath M., Keller E., Hurd Y.L. Limbic specific alterations of the dopamine and opioid systems in the midbrain of human heroin abusers Abstract of the Society for Neuroscience 35th Annual Meeting, 2005 Keller E., Hurd Y., Ujhelyi E., Horvath M. Drug related death cases in Budapest, Hungary between 1994-2004 2006 NIDA International Forum, June 16-19, 2006,Scottsdale, Arizona, USA Horvath M.Cs., Keller E., Hurd Y.L. Limbic-related alterations of dopamine and opioid systems in midbrains of human heroin abusers 2006 NIDA International Forum, June 16-19, 2006,Scottsdale, Arizona, USA Kovacs GG, Kovari V, Horvath M, Keller E, Majtenyi K. Decreased expression of dopamine transporter immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens in human heroin users. Brain Pathology 16: S152-S152, 339 Suppl.1, Sep 2006

Drug-related deaths in Budapest and the neurobiology of heroin abuse

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(03)12831-0.pdf

HIV in central and eastern Europe

In Hungary among others there were some special factors, which shaped the outcome of HIV/AIDS epidemic. (1) In the early period of pandemic the "iron curtain" delayed and limited the importation of HIV to Hungary. (2) In 1985, at the time of detection of first HIV infected persons the etiological diagnostic tools were already commercially available and laboratory facilities have been created immediately for HIV antibody tests in networks of blood banks, public health and venereological services. (3) Laboratory facilities together with introduced health regulations resulted in (a) elimination of possibility of nosocomial HIV transmission by blood, blood products and organ transplantation; (b) efficient case finding and contact tracing in population groups potentially playing a significant role in spreading of infection; (c) opportunities for voluntary HIV testing free of charge. (4) Broad scale education and information activities have been developed from the beginning by governmental and non-governmental organizations alike. (5) Parenteral drug abuse did not play a role in spreading of HIV, so far. The above factors resulted in a slowly developing moderate epidemic. The facts are as follows. By the end of 2000 altogether 879 HIV positive (666 male, 100 female and 113 anonymous) persons have been notified, 377 (344 male and 33 female) of whom showed already the characteristic features of AIDS and 229 died. 29% of registered HIV positive persons have been foreigners originating from 56 countries. The cumulative incidence rate of AIDS was 38 per million population. 73% of Hungarian HIV positive persons and 72% of patients with AIDS belonged to transmission group of men having sex with men. The age of HIV positive persons at the time of detection was between 20 and 49 years in 81% and 72% of them resided in or around Budapest.

/pdf/factrors-and-facts-in-hungarian-hiv-aids-epidemic-1985-2000-1laqzxc6ye.pdf

Factrors and facts in Hungarian HIV/AIDS epidemic, 1985-2000

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Factrors and facts in Hungarian HIV/AIDS epidemic, 1985-2000