The aedes mosquitoes are efficient vector causing various infectious diseases across the world. Dengue outbreak is a major threat to human health in various provinces of India. Despite of dry season in Rajasthan a very high number of dengue fever cases have recorded. This review emphasized current status of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes abundance, their key breeding habitats and susceptibility to currently applied insecticide measures in order to know the role of vector in transmission of several infectious diseases in northern-west state, Rajasthan. Data highlighted that mostly cases of dengue occurred after the monsoon season. The dengue vector density was found to correlate with rainfall, temperature and relative humidity fluctuations. Due to continuous and unabated use of insecticides in agriculture sector and public health progressively started to selection pressure, inducing rapid development of resistance in mosquitoes vectors. The data related to insecticide susceptibility interpreted and even explored development of resist come up with a background for an understanding to trigger the development of novel tools and alternative strategies to control aedes mosquitoes population concerned with public health.

http://www.dipterajournal.com/pdf/2020/vol7issue4/PartB/7-1-27-469.pdf

A review on the prevalence and susceptibility/resistance status of Aedes mosquitoes in Rajasthan

Background: Dengue or dengue fever is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in worldwide distribution. The virus is the member of flavivirus group which typically is a single stranded RNA virus. Methods: This study was conducted on September 2019 to December 2019 and specimens which were received blood samples in the Microbiology lab for detection of dengue Through card method, we used the DAY1 kit by J Mitra and DENGUE DUO by SD company which is detected dengue NS1, IgM and IgG antibodies, from patients with clinical suspicion of dengue fever-like illness, who presented to the outpatient's department and indoor patients were admitted NIMS hospital Jaipur, Rajasthan. Results: Among 1222 patients is dengue suspected and diagnosed as 390dengue positive patients. Which is dengue Ns1 383 (95.2%), IgM 18 (4.3%) and IgG 2 (0.5%). And according to male and female as well as 294 (75.4%) & 96 (24.6%). Then age group wise more predominant 11-20 years 30.8%. Most predominant thrombocytopenia is according to platelet count less than 50000 / microliter (25.6%) were patients. Among leukocytopenia is 48.7% is dengue fever patients. Conclusions: Present study concludes that clinical surveillance about dengue haemorrhagic fever is important as timely recognition can influence outcome and may prevent any compilations

An epidemiological study on dengue viral fever and its correlate between thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia in dengue markers at rural population in jaipur, rajasthan.

Background Dengue is an emerging global viral disease with an increase 30-fold in incidence in the past fifty years. In the past decade it was restricted to only few a states of South and Northern India but in the recent past it has affected almost all the states in India. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical profile, trends and outcome of dengue cases. Methods This retrospective record based cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary hospital, Mangaluru in Southern India. The study population included all dengue positive cases diagnosed either by IgM Capture ELISA or Dengue Non-structural Protein NS1 antigen over a period of five years. Information from pre-recorded case sheets were used for data collection. The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results from the analysis have been expressed in percentages, means and graphs. Results The study included 401 dengue cases. Most cases were in the age range of 20-40 years with a male to female ratio of 3:2. Overall seropositivity rate was 23.94% with High IgM prevalence. Monthly distribution showed a maximum cases were in the months of June and July and minimum were in January and February. Among the study participants, 91.5% of patients recovered completely and 1.7% of patients had died. 6.8% of patients were discharged against medical advice. Conclusions Dengue continues to be major public health problem in this part of the globe affecting mainly the working age group. Low seropositivity with High IgM prevelance makes dengue an important differential for febrile illness of vague nature and invokes the need for robust public health response to curb the hyper-endemicity.

Clinical and seasonal pattern of dengue in a tertiary care hospital of South West India

Background: Dengue is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral disease globally. The virus is the member of flavivirus group which typically is a single stranded RNA virus. It is 2nd most common arthropod borne disease in India. Due to its atypical presentation often, dengue missed out as a differential diagnosis. High clinical suspicion and proper investigation help in early diagnosis of dengue and its complications.Methods: A total of 200 patients were selected to be a part of study after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Only those patients were included in the study who had classical features of dengue- fever with chills, body ache, headache and thrombocytopenia and had a positive serology against dengue virus. Patients who had malaria, enteric fever, and negative serology were excluded from the study. Other causes of pancreatitis, pneumonitis, ascitis, cholangitis, pleural effusion and thrombocytopenia are rolled out. All patients were subjected to a detailed history and a thorough clinical examination. A complete blood count, liver function tests, renal function tests, chest X-ray and USG abdomen were also done.Results: Among 200 patients diagnosed as dengue fever,106 were male and 94 female. 78% patient were from urban and majority were from 20-30 years age group. Average duration of stay in hospital is 3.5 days. Along with fever and malaise, pain abdomen, bleeding diathesis, itching, cough were the major complaints in decreasing order. Different findings in the investigations are: Mean WBC counts - 4251, mean platelet counts - 41831, mean hematocret - 41.8, mean MPV- 8.55, number of patients with deranged ALT/AST- 88(44%). In USG ascitis and edematous gall bladder were the major findings followed by hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and pleural effusion. Number of patients required platelet transfusion were 60. Among these 60 patients average number of RDP transfused is 2 units.Conclusions: Present study concludes that clinical vigilance about various type of presentations is important as timely recognition can influence outcome and may prevent compilations.

Study of dengue outbreak in north west zone of Rajasthan, India

<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background</ns4:bold>: Dengue is an emerging global viral disease with an increase 30-fold in incidence in the past fifty years. In the past decade it was restricted to only few a states of South and Northern India but in the recent past it has affected almost all the states in India. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical profile, trends and outcome of dengue cases. </ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods</ns4:bold>: This retrospective record based cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary hospitals, Mangaluru in Southern India. The study population included all clinical dengue positive cases over a period of five years. Information from pre-recorded case sheets were used for data collection. The data collected was entered and analyzed in SPSS Version 20. Results were expressed in percentages, means and graphs. </ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results</ns4:bold>: The study included 401 dengue cases. Most cases were in the age range of 20-40 years with a male to female ratio of 3:2. Overall seropositivity rate was 23.94% with High IgM prevalence. Monthly distribution showed a maximum incidence in the months of June and July and minimum incidence in January and February. Among the study participants, 91.5% of patients recovered completely and 1.7% of patients had died. 8.7% of patients were discharged against medical advice. </ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Conclusions</ns4:bold>: Dengue continues to be major public health problem which indirectly hints towards the hyper endemic nature of this disease in this part of the globe affecting mainly the working age group. Low seropositivity with High IgM prevalence makes dengue an important differential for febrile illness of vague nature and invokes the need for robust public health response to curb the hyper-endemicity.</ns4:p> 

pdf/clinical-and-seasonal-pattern-of-dengue-persistent-hyper-4hy19a9lkc.pdf

Clinical and seasonal pattern of dengue: Persistent hyper-endemicity of a vector borne disease from Southern-West Coastal India

Background: Dengue is a major international health concern that is prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries It is 2 nd most common arthropod borne disease in India There are certain clinical features that are associated with Dengue in addition of the classical features Previously organ impairment has been only considered under set up of severe disease On the recent years, several studies have suggested the possibility of early involvement of the liver in dengue Further due to its atypical presentation often dengue missed out as a differential diagnosis Methods: A total of 50 patients were selected to be a part of study after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria Only those patients were included in the study who had classical features of dengue- fever with chills, body ache, headache, rash, bleeding manifestations and thrombocytopenia and had a positive ELISA test ie IgM antibodies against dengue virus Patients who had malaria and enteric fever were excluded from the study All patients were subjected to a detailed history and a thorough clinical examination A complete blood count, liver function tests, renal function tests, chest X-ray and USG abdomen were also done Results: An analysis of 50 patients suffering from dengue showed liver dysfunction was present in all patients Vomiting was an important symptom present upto 70% of patients SGOT levels were higher than SGPT levels Hepatosplenomegaly and ascitis were also present in significant number of patients An analysis of these patients revealed that patients typically demonstrate high grade fever, body ache, rash, thrombocytopenia and bleeding tendency, there were other features such as liver dysfunction including a preferential rise of SGOT, hepatosplenomegaly, ascitis, pleural effusion and leucopoenia Conclusions: This study showed that dengue fever was seen in the third decade and that AST and ALT levels were raised in the majority of these patients It was also found that AST levels were more than ALT levels So, AST and ALT can be a useful early marker to assess the severity of the disease which can thus lead to early recognition of high risk cases The presence of raised liver enzymes in all patients, ascitis, hepatosplenomegaly, elevation of SGOT more than SGPT, should be kept in mind when evaluating patients with suspected dengue

A study of dengue and hepatopathy

Diabetes mellitus a disease with various macro and micro vascular complications due to its various metabolic dysregulations, is well known to involve lungs in long run in both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, causing tremendous burden on health care system. Common simple lung function tests alone are likely to underestimate the prevalence and degree of lung dysfunction in diabetes, but newer noninvasive tests of lung mechanical function provide a more sensitive assessment of peripheral airway function, hence by establishing a marker and risk factors for pulmonary involvement in diabetic individuals, cases with high risk for pulmonary involvement can be found before hand and proper medical therapy can be started for primary prophylaxis of same, Hence in this study we tried to find out any correlation between serum adiponectin levels and pulmonary dysfunction in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which shows a significant role of adiponectin as early marker of the disease with p value of 0.04, the decrease in serum adiponectin level is also associated with more severe disease, hence adiponectin levels can be used as early markers of pulmonary dysfunction in diabetic patients.

Study of Correlation between Diabetic Pulmonopathy with Serum Adiponectin Levels in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

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A study of dengue and hepatopathy

Study of Correlation between Diabetic Pulmonopathy with Serum Adiponectin Levels in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.