This overview evaluates the capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for the determination of a multitude of pesticides. The selection of pesticides for this assessment is based on the status of production, the existence of regulations on maximum residue levels in food, and the frequency of residue detection. GC-MS with electron impact (EI) ionization and the combination of LC with tandem mass spectrometers (LC-MS/MS) using electrospray ionization (ESI) are identified as techniques most often applied in multi-residue methods for pesticides at present. Therefore, applicability and sensitivity obtained with GC-EI-MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS is individually compared for each of the selected pesticides. Only for one substance class only, the organochlorine pesticides, GC-MS achieves better performance. For all other classes of pesticides, the assessment shows a wider scope and better sensitivity if detection is based on LC-MS.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/mas.20091

Residue analysis of 500 high priority pesticides: better by gc-ms or lc-ms/ms?

Pressurized liquid extraction in the analysis of food and biological samples.

The central role of extraction during a chemical analysis compounds a critical review of developments in the field. Thousands of articles annually list “extraction” as a key word (about 2500 articles per year when searching only keywords for English chemistry journal articles). Consequently, narrowing the topic of this review is highly selective since about 10 000 articles survived the initial literature search. Hence, this review focuses on the most significant new developments and advances in the 2006-2009 calendar years, since the previous review (1). Articles focusing on applications were generally not considered in this review. The major trends in the field of extractions for chemical analysis appear to be the use of ionic liquids; development of electrically assisted extractions; alternative phases (including monoliths), quantitative methods, and geometries for sorptive extractions; approaches to membrane-based extractions; and single-drop and related lowvolume microextraction approaches. This represents a change from the trend of developing enhanced methods based on the application of energetics, a field which has perhaps developed to some state of maturity. These new trends represent the bulk of this Review. In addition to development and fundamental research articles, key reviews are highlighted to draw the reader’s attention to other state of the art discussions.

/pdf/modern-extraction-techniques-1c7bn4lbr4.pdf

Modern Extraction Techniques

Sample handling strategies for the determination of persistent trace organic contaminants from biota samples

Determination of organochlorine pesticides in marine sediments samples using ultrasonic solvent extraction followed by GC/ECD

Analysis of multiple pesticide residues in tobacco using pressurized liquid extraction, automated solid-phase extraction clean-up and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

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Analysis of multiple pesticide residues in tobacco using pressurized liquid extraction, automated solid-phase extraction clean-up and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.