Purpose: Hair removal procedures, including electrolysis and laser hair removal, are the most commonly pursued gender-affirmative medical interventions by transfeminine people, but previous empiric...

Hair removal and psychological well-being in transfeminine adults: associations with gender dysphoria and gender euphoria.

Conventional treatments for excessive hair are tedious and time consuming. Laser hair removal has become the leading therapy option for long-term results. It works on the principle of selective photothermolysis, whereby photons destroy the hair follicle while sparing the surrounding tissue. As demand increases, there has been an increase in the regulation of these treatments. Laser hair removal is not risk-free and side effects are associated with the treatment. Adequate training is vital to minimise adverse side effects. Certain countries have regulatory boards that laser operators need to register with, as well as the completion of mandatory hours. Others require laser operators to register with a Care Quality Commission (CQC) to ensure that minimum training and safety standards are met. Currently, in South Africa, the lack of regulatory boards and mandatory hours poses a risk to the public as anyone with little or no qualification is allowed to perform laser hair removal treatments, placing patients at risk. This review looks at some of the devices used and basic mechanisms of action of laser hair removal, its associated risks, side effects and current regulation.

The "in's and outs" of laser hair removal: a mini review.

Using light sources in phototherapy has presented promising results regarding several types of facial and body skin affections for centuries. The neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (ND:YAG) 1064 nm laser has become a standard treatment in dermatology for dermatological disturbances related to the pilous follicle and the structures surrounding it. Despite the reports of its clinical benefits, few scientific studies show its actual safety and efficacy. To substantiate the effects, benefits, and safety of applying an ND:YAG 1064 laser in the epilation process during esthetic treatment, a systematic review was carried out between October 2018 and January 2019, on studies published in the last 20 years. Randomized clinical trials in humans were considered that evaluated the efficacy, safety, and benefits of ND:YAG laser application at 1064 nm wavelengths for hair removal. A total of 198 articles were identified; 58 articles remained after their titles and abstracts were read; and 21 articles were selected after the removal of duplicates. After the integral reading, 13 of these articles were included in the systematic review (734 patients). The ND:YAG 1064 nm laser presents safety and promising, beneficial effects in epilation. However, further scientific studies with better methodologic quality are necessary to better standardize ND:YAG laser therapy and clarify its parameters for photoepilation.

Efficacy and safety of ND:YAG 1064 nm lasers for photoepilation: a systematic review.

Background Laser hair removal is an increasingly prevalent trend of cosmetic procedures. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of hair reduction among several types of laser interventions.Methods The selected studies searched in PubMed and EMBASE were assessed for quality of evidence, and extracted data on absolute hair count and hair reduction rate. Qualitative data were synthesized using standardized mean difference (SMD) in frequentist network meta-analysis because various measurement units were used among selected studies. Inconsistency and small study effects were examined by design-by-treatment interaction model and comparison-adjusted funnel plot.Results A total of 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 652) were contributed to network meta-analysis. Pooled results revealed that diode laser showed significantly lower absolute hair count within three-month (SMD = −13.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −22.25 to −4.17) and around six months follow-up (SMD = −11.01, 95% CI: −18.24 to −3.77) as compared with those in control group, but no significant difference among laser interventions. All side effects observed were transient without leaving any permanent scars.Conclusion Eliminating unwanted hair with lasers or intense pulsed light is safe and effective; however, which type of intervention is more beneficial in the long-term process should be studied with a longer follow-up time. 

Efficacy of Laser in Hair Removal: A Network Meta-analysis

Hirsutism, excessive hair growth in women in a male pattern distribution, is the most common endocrine disorder in women and approximately 5 to 15% of the general population of women is reported to be hirsute. It causes profound stress in women. Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common cause. However a woman could have normal menses, normal androgen levels but be hirsute (idiopathic hirsutism). FerrimanGallwey scale (F-G) is used for assessment of hairiness. The maximum score is 36 and a score over 8 is considered as a hirsuid state. As hirsutism is a symptom and not a disease it is important to find the underlying cause and exclude uncommon but serious causes. The aim of the medical treatment is to correct the hormonal imbalance and thereby stop further progress. Oral contraceptives (OCP) are recommended as first line treatment. Spironolactone is the first choice if there is indication for antiandrogen therapy. Antiandrogens should be combined with an OCP in women in child bearing age as antiandrogens are teratogenic. Photo-epilation or electrolysis is mostly needed in order to reduce the amount of hair. Multiple treatments are needed. Hair reduction with each session with photo-epilation is estimated to 15% to 30%. Medical therapy and laser or IPL should be combined for best result.

Hirsutism, What to do?

Közleményünkkel a psoriasis kialakulásában szerepet játszó genetikai faktorokat kívánjuk bemutatni, melyek a sejtszintû vizsgálatokat kölcsönösen kiegészítve eredményezték, hogy mára, még ha számos kérdés továbbra is megválaszolatlan a psoriasis pathomechanizmusának komplexitásában, de már célirányosan tudunk terápiás megoldásokat biztosítani és (tovább) fejleszteni az érintett betegek számára, felkészülve a személyre szabott orvoslásra.

/pdf/genetic-factors-in-psoriasis-48jh566chb.pdf

Genetic factors in psoriasis

SummaryBackground
Photothermal destruction of hair shaft melanin with intense pulsed light (IPL) and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has become an effective treatment of hair removal.

Aims
Our aim was to compare efficacy, satisfactory levels, safety, and side effects of Nd:YAG and IPL in hair reduction.

Methods
This was a prospective randomized intrapatient, right-left, assessor-blinded comparison of Nd:YAG vs IPL. There were 38 volunteers recruited. Seven sessions were performed. Hair count, efficacy, and side effects were compared before and after each treatment and 6 months after the last treatment. In respect of 12 volunteers, we have examined the reduction in hair after 18 months.

Results
Initially, there was no significant difference between the numbers of hair follicles. There was significant hair reduction after each treatment on the Nd:YAG-treated side. The hair reduction became significant after the third treatment with IPL. Comparison of the efficacy of the two devices on each visits showed no significant difference. There was statistically lower pain score on the IPL-treated side and statistically higher erythema, burning sensation, and edema on the Nd:YAG-treated side. Statistically lower side effect score was observed on the IPL-treated side. Eight months after the last treatment, there was significant hair reduction both on the Nd:YAG and on the IPL-treated side, and there was no difference between the efficacy. The patient satisfaction scores were higher with the IPL.

Conclusion
Unwanted hair can be reduced by both systems safely and effectively; however, IPL has less side effects and higher satisfaction scores.

Comparison of hair removal efficacy and side effect of neodymium:Yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and intense pulsed light systems (18-month follow-up)

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Genetic factors in psoriasis

Comparison of hair removal efficacy and side effect of neodymium:Yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and intense pulsed light systems (18-month follow-up)