in a montane region of Colombia, the diversity and composition of the dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) assemblages were sampled and analyzed in natural and anthropogenic habitats: primary forest, secondary forest, pasture and cropland. The total number of species per habitat was similar (between 10 species in cropland and 13 in secondary forest). Inventory completeness was over 90%, except for cropland where over 82% of the true species richness was recorded. Greater numbers of species and individuals were found in primary forest than in secondary forest and pasture. Fifty-five percent of all individuals were captured in cropland where the number of species was similar to that recorded for secondary forest. Species turnover was highest between primary forest and cropland (of 18 species, 4 were present in both). Primary and secondary forest had the lowest turnover of species (of 14, 11 species present in both). Guild distribution depended on habitat type: in primary and secondary forest, the most common species ...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03946975.2004.10531202

Diversity and composition of dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) assemblages in a heterogeneous Andean landscape

The Edge Influence is one of the most pervasive effects of habitat fragmentation, as many forest remnants in anthropogenic landscapes are within 100 m of edges. Forest remnants may also affect the surrounding anthropogenic matrix, possibly resulting in a matrix–edge–remnant diversity gradient for some species groups. We sampled dung beetles in 15 agricultural landscapes using pitfall traps placed along transects in matrix–edge–remnant gradients. The remnants were a native savanna-like vegetation, the cerrado, and the matrix was composed of three human-dominated environments (sugarcane, eucalyptus, pasture). More species were observed in cerrado remnants than in adjacent land uses. Dung beetles were also more abundant in the cerrado than in the landscape matrix of sugarcane and eucalypt, but not of pasture. Dung beetles were severely affected by anthropogenic land uses, and notwithstanding their high abundance in some land uses such as pasture, the species richness in these areas tended to be smaller than in the cerrado remnants. We also found that the influence of the edge was evident only for abundance, particularly in landscapes with a pasture matrix. However, this land use disrupts the species composition of communities, indicating that communities located in cerrado and pasture have a distinct species composition, and that both communities are affected by edge distance. Thus, anthropogenic land uses may severely affect dung beetles, and this impact can extend to communities located in cerrado remnants as well as to those in matrices, with possible consequences for ecological processes such as decomposition and nutrient cycling.

/pdf/edge-and-land-use-effects-on-dung-beetles-coleoptera-w54nu6t2gg.pdf

Edge and land use effects on dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Brazilian cerrado vegetation

Dung beetle guilds of different competitive level coexist at high abundances in the forest–savanna mosaic of Ivory Coast. A total of 25 875 specimens was recorded from 90 samples of fresh buffalo dung exposed for 4-h periods over the day in the Parc National de la Comoe. Redundancy analyses show different patterns of the guild structure determined by time of day, and positive correlations of guild abundance with temperature. The competitively superior telecoprids (rollers) have their abundance peak at midday when the high temperatures presumably enable them to perform their energetically costly rolling behaviour at greater speed. The competitively intermediate paracoprids (tunnellers) and the competitively inferior endocoprids (dwellers) have their peak around dusk when: (1) the superior competitors are not active, and (2) they can easily synchronize their flight activity using light intensity changes. During the two peaks of flight activity of the dung beetles, their abundance at the resource is very hig...

Diel separation of Afrotropical dung beetle guilds—avoiding competition and neglecting resources (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)

Guilds of dung dwelling and tunneling dung beetles coexist in local assemblages in warm temperate regions, despite the tendency of dwellers to be inferior competitors. A field experiment on the Black Sea coast of Turkey examined the role of temporal resource partitioning in their coexistence. Standardized dung pads deposited at 4 h intervals through a 24 h period in summer were collected 12, 24, or 48 h later. Adults from 10 tunneling and seven dung dwelling species were collected. The tunnelers contributed a high proportion of both total abundance and biomass. There was a significant effect of dung deposition time and exposure period on mean tunneler abundance. Mean tunneler abundance was nearly seven times higher in dung deposited at 06:00 than at 18:00. The dwellers reduced the potential for competitive interactions with tunnelers by relatively uniform dispersal across the six dung deposition times. The distinctly different dung use patterns by dwellers and tunnelers demonstrated temporal resource partitioning. Interspecific correlation coefficients were also determined because interspecific relationships are at the core of resource partitioning. Total tunneler and dweller abundances were not correlated. Overall, there were strong positive correlations between tunneling species and low correlations between tunneling and dwelling species, and between dwelling species. The five most abundant tunnelers, from two tribes and three genera, were strongly positively correlated. There were substantial size differences among the four most abundant tunnelers that probably facilitate their coexistence.

/pdf/temporal-resource-partitioning-and-interspecific-2hi8qvul91.pdf

Temporal Resource Partitioning and Interspecific Correlations in a Warm, Temperate Climate Assemblage of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).

Three parallel radiations of Canthonini dung beetles in Madagascar.

In the forest-savanna mosaic of Cote d'Ivoire (Parc National de la Comoe), we studied the guild structure of dung beetle assemblages of fresh buffalo faeces (60 samples, 19 626 specimens) in three adjacent habitats: savanna parkland, gallery forest, grassland of the river valley. We found clear patterns at the guild level determined by the habitat type and time of day: in the savanna parkland during the day, telecoprids (rollers) and their kleptoparasites are dominant. At night, paracoprids (tunnelers) and endocoprids (dwellers) dominate the dung beetle assemblages. In the river valley during the day and the gallery forest all day and night, the abundance of dung beetles is very low and does not reach a competitive level. In the river valley at night, endocoprids are quite abundant. Abundances of kleptoparasites and their hosts are positively correlated. The telecoprids are the most competitively superior guild since they use the resource most rapidly, but their abundance is correlated with temperature of faeces and soil. This is probably because their mode of resource utilization is energetically costly, so they require higher temperatures in order to maximize their competitiveness. Their ecological tolerance is therefore narrow and they are only present in the savanna parkland during the day. The endocoprids are the least competitive guild, since they do not relocate the resource and so are not able to monopolize parts of it. However, their mode of resource utilization is less energetically costly. They seem to be more tolerant of temperature fluctuation and more able to cross barriers such as the gallery forest. Spatial separation of Afrotropical dung beetle guilds is likely to be due to a trade-off between competitive superiority and energetic constraints.

Spatial separation of Afrotropical dung beetle guilds: a trade‐off between competitive superiority and energetic constraints (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Dung beetles are the main dung recyclers in most Afrotropical environments. We compare dung beetle abundance in herbivore dung in West and East African grasslands that are subject to various anthropogenic disturbances. Dung beetles are similarly abundant in grasslands with indigenous wild herbivores and with extensive cattle farming. However, if herbivore dung is regularly removed (i.e. collected by local people for domestic and agricultural use) or not present locally at all, the abundance of dung beetles decreases. The lowest numbers were found in an urban settlement.

Human influence on the dung fauna in afrotropical grasslands (insecta: coleoptera)

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Spatial separation of Afrotropical dung beetle guilds: a trade‐off between competitive superiority and energetic constraints (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Human influence on the dung fauna in afrotropical grasslands (insecta: coleoptera)