Wave-particle duality is an inherent peculiarity of the quantum world. The double-slit experiment has been frequently used for understanding different aspects of this fundamental concept. The occurrence of interference rests on the lack of which-way information and on the absence of decoherence mechanisms, which could scramble the wave fronts. Here, we report on the observation of two-center interference in the molecular-frame photoelectron momentum distribution upon ionization of the neon dimer by a strong laser field. Postselection of ions, which are measured in coincidence with electrons, allows choosing the symmetry of the residual ion, leading to observation of both, gerade and ungerade, types of interference.

/pdf/double-slit-photoelectron-interference-in-strong-field-2zdrt0ypsc.pdf

Double-slit photoelectron interference in strong-field ionization of the neon dimer.

The selection rules of high harmonic generation (HHG) are investigated using three-dimensional time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). From the harmonic spectra obtained with various real molecules and different forms of laser fields, several factors that contribute to selection rules are revealed. Extending the targets to stereoscopic molecules, it is shown that the allowed harmonics are dependent on the symmetries of the projections of molecules. For laser fields, the symmetries contributing to the selection rules are discussed according to Lissajous figures and their dynamical directivities. All the phenomena are explained by the symmetry of the full time-dependent Hamiltonian under a combined transformation. We present a systematic study on the selection rules and propose an intuitive method for the judgment of allowed harmonic orders, which can be extended to more complex molecules and various forms of laser pulses.

pdf/selection-rules-of-high-order-harmonic-generation-symmetries-4499y2t8vd.pdf

Selection rules of high-order-harmonic generation: Symmetries of molecules and laser fields

We use differential holography to overcome the forward scattering problem in strong-field photoelectron holography. Our differential holograms of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ molecules exhibit a fishbonelike structure, which arises from the backscattered part of the recolliding photoelectron wave packet. We demonstrate that the backscattering hologram can resolve the different nuclear dynamics between ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ with subangstrom spatial and subcycle temporal resolution. In addition, we show that attosecond electron dynamics can be resolved. These results open a new avenue for ultrafast studies of molecular dynamics in small molecules.

Probing Molecular Dynamics by Laser-Induced Backscattering Holography

Sir Peter Knight is a pioneer in quantum optics which has now grown to an important branch of modern physics to study the foundations and applications of quantum physics. He is leading an effort to develop new technologies from quantum mechanics. In this collection of essays, we recall the time we were working with him as a postdoc or a PhD student and look at how the time with him has influenced our research.

/pdf/journeys-from-quantum-optics-to-quantum-technology-34i2rqs1qb.pdf

Journeys from Quantum Optics to Quantum Technology

We investigate the strong-field ionization from p± orbitals driven by circularly polarized laser fields by solving the two-dimensional time-dependent Schrodinger equation in polar coordinates with the Lagrange mesh technique. Enhancement of ionization is found in the deep multiphoton ionization regime when the helicity of the laser field is opposite to that of the p electron, while this enhancement is suppressed when the helicities are the same. It is found that the enhancement of ionization is attributed to the multiphoton resonant excitation. The helicity sensitivity of the resonant enhancement is related to the different excitation-ionization channels in left and right circularly polarized laser fields.

Helicity sensitive enhancement of strong-field ionization in circularly polarized laser fields.

Strong-field ionization of aligned diatomic and polyatomic molecules such as ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}$, and others in circularly polarized laser fields is investigated theoretically. By calculating the emission-angle-resolved lateral width of the momentum distribution perpendicular to the polarization plane, we show that nodal planes in molecular orbitals are directly imprinted on the angular dependence of the width. We demonstrate that orbital symmetries can be distinguished with the information obtained by observing the lateral width in addition to the angular distributions.

/pdf/signatures-of-molecular-orbital-structure-in-lateral-3rjphbrovk.pdf

Signatures of molecular orbital structure in lateral electron momentum distributions from strong-field ionization.

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Signatures of molecular orbital structure in lateral electron momentum distributions from strong-field ionization.