사회사업 조사연구는 복잡하고 다양한 인간의 욕구와 문제들을 해결하고 예측하기 위하여 과학적 방법론을 적극 활용하여 왔다. 과학적 방법론은 인간행동의 기준을 설정하고 결과를 제시하는데 객관성을 제공한다는 이유로 선호되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 과학적 방법론을 사회사업실천영역에서 사용하는데 있어서 간과해서 안 될 점은 클라이언트를 중심에 놓고 조사연구를 실행할 수 있어야 한다는 것이다. 즉, 개입을 계량화하는데 초점을 두지 않고 클라이언트를 중심에 두고 역량 강화할 수 있는 방법이 필요한 것이다.
이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 사회사업 본연의 가치인 클라이언트 중심의 조사연구 접근과 이론과 실천의 간극을 메우는 하나의 교량으로서 실행연구(AR: action research)와 참여적 실행연구(PAR: participatory action research)의 개념과 과정을 소개하고 한국 사회사업실천에의 적용가능성을 모색하였다.
AR과 PAR의 개념과 역사, 실행과정을 분석하고 사회사업실천에의 필요성과 적용점을 분석해본 결과, 필요성에 있어서는 실천현장에서의 적용용이성, 지역사회기반의 일반주의 실천접근과의 적합성, 조사연구와 실천의 통합, AR기술의 실천기술로서의 활용성 등으로 나타났다. 적용상의 이점으로는 클라이언트 문제와 욕구에 대한 보다 깊은 이해, 다각적인 맥락에 의거한 해결방법 모색, 조사자 곧 실천가 자신의 반성과 성장, 임파워먼트 실행의 촉매제로서의 기능, 조사연구의 확대가능성, 지역사회기반의 조사연구 확대, 효과적인 사회복지 조직관리에 있어서의 적용 등인 것으로 나타났다. 
마지막으로 한국 현장에 AR을 도입하기 위해서 유의할 점으로 조사연구자로서의 실천가의 역량강화, 공동협력연구의 필요, 현장과 실천중심 연구를 강조하는 인센티브 제공, 구체적인 액션리서치의 한국형 모델 구축 등 4개의 과제를 제언하였다.

사회사업에서의 Participatory Action Research(PAR)와 Action Research(AR) 모델 적용 필요성에 관한 연구

Author(s): Leonard, Wesley Y | Editor(s): McDonnell, Bradley; Berez-Kroeker, Andrea L; Holton, Gary | Abstract: With origins in colonial logics and institutions, language documentation practices can reinforce colonial power hierarchies and norms in ways that work against the needs and values of Indigenous language communities. This paper highlights major patterns through which this occurs, along with their effects, and models how language documentation can be structured in ways that are more grounded in the experiences and perspectives of the communities that use it. I propose decolonial interventions that emerge from Indigenous research principles and perspectives, and illustrate how these practices can better support language community needs while also improving the scientific value of language documentation

Reflections on (de)colonialism in language documentation

In recent years, the capability of Balinese people to write and speak their mother tongue has declined significantly among the younger generations because of the growing influence and adoption of the national language, Bahasa Indonesia.  It has spread rapidly among Balinese youth because it is considerably more straightforward than the Balinese language and is free of caste regulations.  In this paper, we present the details of our digital humanities preservation research dealing with the Balinese language.  We utilize community-based crowdsourcing to participate in expanding and enriching the BASABali Wiki digital dictionary in the form of an online competition. Ninety-six participants in 24 groups participated in our study, and their contribution populated 2686 new unique sentences to the BASABali Wiki digital dictionary. We also discuss the procedures employed to evaluate the digital dictionary: to receive feedback on the digital dictionary system and our approach to acquiring the knowledge of the community.

https://jsi.cs.ui.ac.id/index.php/jsi/article/download/956/405

Digital Humanities: Community Participation in the Balinese Language Digital Dictionary

Drawing on examples from the linguistically-diverse Himalayan region, in this contribution we explore three main questions. First, we ask how language boundaries both contribute to and defy the imagination of the nation-state. Second, we investigate how such boundaries are transcended and become redefined through increased mobility and technological innovation. And third, we examine what it means for languages to become detached from the landscapes in which they were traditionally situated and historically spoken. Unfixed and unfixable, languages resist the limitations and constraints of nation-states—both colonial and contemporary—that strive to delineate their boundaries along “clear” and often monolingual lines. In the Himalayan region in particular, plural linguistic identities challenge reductive national logics that seek to bind or appropriate languages for hegemonic and ideological goals. Not only are national borders decreasingly relevant for the maintenance and transmission of languages, but the global dispersal of people and the languages they speak, sign and write are combining with accessible digital media to transform internally maintained language borders as well.

/pdf/langscapes-and-language-borders-linguistic-boundary-making-p4u7p5gnde.pdf

“Langscapes” and language borders: Linguistic boundary-making in northern South Asia

A recent response to language endangerment has been the rise of training programs in language documentation and conservation. Here we consider the position of training activities within the sociology of language documentation and conservation (LDC) work, specifically focusing on paradigms of ethical research and the relationship between academic and community partners. We examine one training program in depth, InField 2008, which had two distinct components: a set of short workshops, and intensive field training that incorporated language research. Grounding the discussion in the social science literature, we argue that training constitutes empowering social action and that different types of training promote different dimensions of empowerment. Training programs can be organized into a typology that is independent from, but overlaps with, the typology of research paradigms.

Training as empowering social action

Open access article. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International LIcense (CC BY-NC 4.0) applies

/pdf/the-blackfoot-language-resources-and-digital-dictionary-1t1cynwprd.pdf

The Blackfoot Language Resources and Digital Dictionary project: Creating integrated web resources for language documentation and revitalization

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The Blackfoot Language Resources and Digital Dictionary project: Creating integrated web resources for language documentation and revitalization