Introduction to Medical Decision making

In order to solve the shortcomings of traditional Sobel edge detection operator, such as low accuracy of image edge location and rough edge extracted, an improved edge detection algorithm based on Sobel operator is proposed. Firstly, in the aspect of the accuracy of edge detection, the direction template is increased from two directions of horizontal and vertical to eight directions; secondly, in terms of the rough edge extracted and the noise sensitivity, combined with the operation of mathematical morphology, the edge can be refined, and at the same time, some part of the noise can be suppressed. The experiment results show that the improved edge detection algorithm has a better accuracy in image positioning, and a certain ability to suppress noise. Finally, the detected image edge of the image is more delicate and clear than the traditional Sobel operator.

/pdf/research-on-edge-detection-algorithm-based-on-improved-sobel-2o218x2bub.pdf

Research on edge detection algorithm based on improved sobel operator

Dermatoscopy, high-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) and spectrophotometry are promising quantitative imaging techniques for the investigation and diagnostics of cutaneous melanocytic tumors. In this paper, we propose the hybrid technique and automatic prognostic models by combining the quantitative image parameters of ultrasonic B-scan images, dermatoscopic and spectrophotometric images (melanin, blood and collagen) to increase accuracy in the diagnostics of cutaneous melanoma. The extracted sets of various quantitative parameters and features of dermatoscopic, ultrasonic and spectrometric images were used to develop the four different classification models: logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes. The results were compared to the combination of only two techniques out of three. The reliable differentiation between melanocytic naevus and melanoma were achieved by the proposed technique. The accuracy of more than 90% was estimated in the case of LR, LDA and SVM by the proposed method.

/pdf/diagnostics-of-melanocytic-skin-tumours-by-a-combination-of-4gn9ojvccd.pdf

Diagnostics of Melanocytic Skin Tumours by a Combination of Ultrasonic, Dermatoscopic and Spectrophotometric Image Parameters.

The problems of the use of existing forms of organization in health care, focused on timely diagnosis of tumors of external localization, are analyzed. The urgency of the problem and the need to improve its effectiveness are determined by a number of factors, including numerous publications in Russia and abroad, as well as many years of experience of the authors. An approach based on interdisciplinary technology (medicine, software engineering) using multi-agent methods is proposed. The concept of technology and the model of the system composition consisting of an artificial neural network, an expert system, a database, a knowledge base, remote access means and information protection were developed. As the criteria for the effectiveness of the system, entropic actions of various groups of users are offered - doctors of profile and non-profile specialties in the space of situations. The end result of the diagnosis is survival. The proposed technology is applied in the educational process, designed for a wide range of users, including students, doctors, administrative staff, and average medical personnel. A methodology has been developed that contains theoretical and practical material intended for an extended version of the analysis of errors and recognition of complex scenes possible in the diagnosis of skin melanoma.

Multi-agent technology in the early diagnosis of skin melanoma

Clinical decision analysis

Ultrasonic and digital dermatoscopy diagnostic methods are used in order to estimate the changes of structure, as well as to non-invasively measure the changes of parameters of lesions of human tissue. These days, it is very actual to perform the quantitative analysis of medical data, which allows to achieve the reliable early-stage diagnosis of lesions and help to save more lives. The proposed automatic statistical post-processing method based on integration of ultrasonic and digital dermatoscopy measurements is intended to estimate the parameters of malignant tumours, measure spatial dimensions (e.g. thickness) and shape, and perform faster diagnostics by increasing the accuracy of tumours differentiation. It leads to optimization of time-consuming analysis procedures of medical images and could be used as a reliable decision support tool in the field of dermatology.

/pdf/application-of-automatic-statistical-post-processing-method-3xyhwmo594.pdf

Application of automatic statistical post-processing method for analysis of ultrasonic and digital dermatoscopy images.

Ultrasonic diagnostic methods are used to estimate the structural changes and to measure parameters of lesions of the human tissue. Nowadays, the special algorithms of medical data analysis are able to perform diagnosis and monitor the progress of treatment, efficiency of treatment methods, also to estimate the health status and to make prognosis of the diseases evolution. The aim of the presented research is to check the goodness of fit test for thicknesses of the skin tumours measured in two different ways (ultrasound examination and histological analysis) and to compare the compatibility of likely density of histological thicknesses distribution of the skin tumours and density of Normal distribution. As a result, the study has showed that thicknesses of the skin tumours measured by ultrasonic method are strongly similar to histological values, which means that the density of ultrasonic thicknesses distribution and density of Normal distribution are closely interconnected. Therefore, the obtained results show the sufficient level of reliability in the case of application of non-invasive ultrasonic thickness measurement comparing with reference invasive technique based on biopsy and histological thickness evaluation.

/pdf/assessment-and-comparison-of-likely-density-distributions-in-1z7o9agh3h.pdf

Assessment and comparison of likely density distributions in the cases of thickness measurement of skin tumours by ultrasound examination and histological analysis

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Papers

Application of automatic statistical post-processing method for analysis of ultrasonic and digital dermatoscopy images.

Assessment and comparison of likely density distributions in the cases of thickness measurement of skin tumours by ultrasound examination and histological analysis