More than half of the reported new discovered/invented drugs are ones with poor solubility, absorption or both. These are the crucial issues that can affect the bioavailability of the drugs. Therefore, improving solubility of poor-soluble drugs is absolutely important. One of the methods to solubilize them in biological fluids is using surfactants. Surfactants are an amphiphilic organic compound containing hydrophilic and lipophilic parts that allow it to reduce the surface tension between two opposite polar phases.  Several popular methods used to determine critical micelle concentration which includes surface tension, conductivity and UV-vis spectroscopy. These surfactants plays number of roles in antibacterial compound synthesis include size reduction agent, stabilizer, solubilizer and drug-carrier. This review will also critically discuss on the roles of surfactants in antibacterial compound synthesis/production and its effect on the antibacterial activity of the drugs.

/pdf/effects-of-surfactants-on-antibacterial-drugs-a-brief-review-po0gu74eup.pdf

Effects of surfactants on antibacterial drugs - A brief review

Objective: A bioanalytical quantification method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of simvastatin (SIM) and ezetimibe (EZE) from the human plasma. \nMethods: The technique was developed and equipped with reverse-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography, using RP-C18 column with an ultraviolet detector. For the estimation of SIM and EZE, the mobile phase (acetonitrile:acetate buffer pH 4.0, pH adjusted with acetic acid) was pumped at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min in the ratio of 85:15% v/v and the eluents were monitored at 234 nm. A calibration graph to study linearity of the SIM and EZE in biological matrix was carried out in the concentration range of 400–4000 ng/ml for both these drugs SIM and EZE. \nResults: The developed method was validated according to the US FDA and European Medicines Agency guidelines for sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and stability. The obtained statistical data of validation were found to be within prescribed limit assures rigidity of the method. Both the drugs in combined form were estimated in human plasma by the proposed method. \nConclusions: The developed method is free from solid-phase extraction so it becomes simple and economical. The method is efficient for precise and accurate quantification of SIM and EZE in plasma and hence applied for bioequivalence, bioavailability study in real clinical samples.

/pdf/simple-bioanalytical-quantification-method-for-simultaneous-4rvcc98ee0.pdf

Simple bioanalytical quantification method for simultaneous estimation of simvastatin and ezetimibe in human plasma by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography technique

Valsartan is an orally active antihypertensive agent which belongs to the category of angiotensin II type I receptor antagonists. Valsartan is used for the treatment of heart failure, hypertension, myocardial infraction and diabetic nephropathy. A new stability indicating RP-HPLC was proposed for the quantification of Valsartan by using an ion-pairing agent, tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate. Mobile phase mixture consisting of 10 mM tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate and methanol (25: 75, v/v) was selected with a flow rate of 1 ml/min using Agilent C18 column (Detection wavelength 250 nm). The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.0291 μg/mL and 0.0897 μg/mL respectively. Linearity was observed over the concentration 0.1-50 μg/mL with linear regression equation, y = 36571x + 13532 and the method is precise, accurate and robust. Stress degradation studies were performed and the method was found to be selective and specific.

New stability indicating liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of Valsartan in pharmaceutical dosage forms

There is a simple, precise and accurate methods are described for the direct determination of Simvastatin and Aspirin in combined dosage form. The method is based on HPTLC separation of the two drugs followed by the densitometry measurements of their spots at 238 nm for both drugs. The separation was carried out on silica gel 60GF254 using mobile phase Hexane: ethyl acetate: chloroform: glacial acetic acid (6:3:0.5:0.5). The linearity for Simvastatin and Aspirin lies between 200-1200 ng/spot and 10006000 ng/spot with co-relation co-efficient > 0.999. The Rf values are 0.52 and 0.29 for Simvastatin and Aspirin respectively. All the developed methods are validated according to ICH guidelines. Accuracy was performed and result of accuracy was lies between the limit 98% to 102%. Percentage recovery for SIM was 98.38-102.89%, while for ASP, it was found to be in range of 100.89-.95%.Recovery between 98 % 102% justifies the accuracy of the method. In HPTLC method the regression line equation for Simvastatin and Aspirin are, Y = 8.4698x + 1212.8 for Simvastatin. And y = 0.4598x + 877.1 for Aspirin. The proposed methods were applied successfully for the determination of the two drugs in bulk powder and pharmaceutical dosage form. The LOD and LOQ value are 26.12 and 111.5 for Simvastatin and 79.16 and 339.23 for aspirin in HPTLC Method.

Hptlc method development and validation of simvastatin and aspirin in combine dosage form

ABSTARCT A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method based on Q absorbance ratio was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Simvastatin and Losartan Potassium in pharmaceutical synthetic mixture. Q absorbance ratio method based on formation of Qabsorbance equation at two wavelengths, one is isoabsorptive point and another is the λ-max of one of the two drugs. Absorbance are measured at two selected wavelengths, one is 248.5 nm (isoabsorptive point) and another being 237 nm (λ-max of SIMVA). The two drugs comply with beer lambert’s law over the linearity range of 3-22 μg/ml. The method was validated as per ICH guideline rules in terms of linearity, accuracy (recovery study), precision (repeatability, intraday, interday validation), limit of detection, limit of quantification. All the validation parameters were found to be within acceptable limits. The method was found to be simple, sensitive, rapid, cost effective, accurate and precise for the routine analysis of both the drugs in the binary mixture.

Q-absorbance ratio method for simultaneous determination of simvastatin and losartan potassium in synthetic mixture

A novel, simple and economic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the estimation of Simvastatin in bulk and tablet dosage form with greater precision and accuracy. Separation was achieved on Develosil ODS HG-5 RP C18, (150cmx4.6mm i.d. 5m) column in isocratic mode with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile :phosphate buffer(pH 3.0) (85:15) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detection was carried out at 236 nm. The retention time of Simvastatin was found to be 5.84 min. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines.Linearity was established for Simvastatin in the range 10 – 100 μg / ml with R 2 value 0.99. The percentage recovery of Simvastatin was found to be in the range 99.19-99.67 %. The high recovery and low relative standard deviation confirm the suitability of the proposed method for the estimation of the drug in bulk and tablet dosage forms. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.341 and 1.023 µg/ml respectively.Validation studies demonstrated that the proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, specific, rapid, reliable and reproducible for the determination of Simvastatin for Quality Control level.

/pdf/validation-of-assay-indicating-method-development-of-2p6uohzxcu.pdf

Validation of Assay Indicating Method Development of Simvastatin in Bulk and its Tablet Dosage form by RP-HPLC

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Validation of Assay Indicating Method Development of Simvastatin in Bulk and its Tablet Dosage form by RP-HPLC