Environmental impacts of desalination and brine treatment - Challenges and mitigation measures.

Mineral scaling in membrane desalination: Mechanisms, mitigation strategies, and feasibility of scaling-resistant membranes

Prevention of fouling on surfaces is a major challenge that broadly impacts society Water treatment technologies, hospital infrastructure, and seawater pipes exemplify surfaces that are susceptible to biofouling Here we show that laser-induced graphene (LIG) printed on a polyimide film by irradiation with a CO2 infrared laser under ambient conditions is extremely biofilm resistant while as an electrode is strongly antibacterial We investigated the antibacterial activity of the LIG surface using LIG powder in suspension or deposited on surfaces, and its activity depended on the particle size and oxygen content Remarkably, the antimicrobial effects of the surface were greatly amplified when voltages in the range of 11–25 were applied in an electrode configuration in bacterial solutions The bactericidal mechanism was directly observed using microscopy and fast photography, which showed a rapid bacterial movement toward the LIG surface and subsequent bacterial killing In addition, electrochemical gene

Laser-Induced Graphene Layers and Electrodes Prevents Microbial Fouling and Exerts Antimicrobial Action

https://escholarship.org/content/qt7bz829ph/qt7bz829ph.pdf?t=qsoiux

Brackish water desalination using reverse osmosis and capacitive deionization at the water-energy nexus.

We investigated the relationship between membrane surface properties and silica scaling in reverse osmosis (RO). The effects of membrane hydrophilicity, free energy for heterogeneous nucleation, and surface charge on silica scaling were examined by comparing thin-film composite polyamide membranes grafted with a variety of polymers. Results show that the rate of silica scaling was independent of both membrane hydrophilicity and free energy for heterogeneous nucleation. In contrast, membrane surface charge demonstrated a strong correlation with the extent of silica scaling (R2 > 0.95, p < 0.001). Positively charged membranes significantly facilitated silica scaling, whereas a more negative membrane surface charge led to reduced scaling. This observation suggests that deposition of negatively charged silica species on the membrane surface plays a critical role in silica scale formation. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms governing silica scaling in reverse osmosis and highlight th...

Relating Silica Scaling in Reverse Osmosis to Membrane Surface Properties.

Side effects of antiscalants on biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes in brackish water desalination

Today, most RO desalination plants are using phosphorus-based antiscalants for preventing salt precipitation (scaling) and to achieve high membrane performance, as measured by reduced trans-membrane pressure, salt passage and increased permeate flow. However, phosphorus antiscalants in brine disposal can be an environmental issue that should be considered and studied when installing a desalination plant. The purpose of this research is to examine different types of phosphorus-free antiscalants and to find combinations of good membrane performance (varied recovery rates) and environmental antiscalants. Together, the Granot and Lahat BWRO desalination plants will produce approximately 30 Mm3 in 2014. They are part of a large project: “The Aquifer Rehabilitation,” which aims to protect the Israeli costal aquifer from saline infiltration. The concentrate from these inland BWRO desalination plants is sent along a unique 30-km-long brine disposal pipeline to the Mediterranean Sea (“Granot-Ashkelon” pipe...

The use of phosphorus-free antiscalants in BWRO desalination plants and brine disposal pipelines

Challenges and achievements in the expansion of the Granot BWRO plant: A part of Israel's coastal aquifer rehabilitation project

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Side effects of antiscalants on biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes in brackish water desalination

The use of phosphorus-free antiscalants in BWRO desalination plants and brine disposal pipelines

Challenges and achievements in the expansion of the Granot BWRO plant: A part of Israel's coastal aquifer rehabilitation project