Microwave photonics with superconducting quantum circuits

In the past 20 years, impressive progress has been made both experimentally and theoretically in superconducting quantum circuits, which provide a platform for manipulating microwave photons. This emerging field of superconducting quantum microwave circuits has been driven by many new interesting phenomena in microwave photonics and quantum information processing. For instance, the interaction between superconducting quantum circuits and single microwave photons can reach the regimes of strong, ultra-strong, and even deep-strong coupling. Many higher-order effects, unusual and less familiar in traditional cavity quantum electrodynamics with natural atoms, have been experimentally observed, e.g., giant Kerr effects, multi-photon processes, and single-atom induced bistability of microwave photons. These developments may lead to improved understanding of the counterintuitive properties of quantum mechanics, and speed up applications ranging from microwave photonics to superconducting quantum information processing. In this article, we review experimental and theoretical progress in microwave photonics with superconducting quantum circuits. We hope that this global review can provide a useful roadmap for this rapidly developing field.

Journal of Physics A - Mathematical and General, Special Issue. SI Aug 11 2006 ?? Preface

Integrated quantum nanophotonics Technologies that exploit the rules of quantum mechanics offer a potential advantage over classical devices in terms of sensitivity. Sipahigil et al. combined the quantum optical features of silicon-vacancy color centers with diamond-based photonic cavities to form a platform for integrated quantum nanophotonics (see the Perspective by Hanson). They could thus generate single photons from the color centers, optically switch light in the cavity by addressing the state of the color center, and quantum-mechanically entangle two color centers positioned in the cavity. The work presents a viable route to develop an integrated platform for quantum networks. Science, this issue p. 847; see also p. 835 An integrated quantum optical platform is demonstrated using silicon vacancy color centers and diamond photonics. Efficient interfaces between photons and quantum emitters form the basis for quantum networks and enable optical nonlinearities at the single-photon level. We demonstrate an integrated platform for scalable quantum nanophotonics based on silicon-vacancy (SiV) color centers coupled to diamond nanodevices. By placing SiV centers inside diamond photonic crystal cavities, we realize a quantum-optical switch controlled by a single color center. We control the switch using SiV metastable states and observe optical switching at the single-photon level. Raman transitions are used to realize a single-photon source with a tunable frequency and bandwidth in a diamond waveguide. By measuring intensity correlations of indistinguishable Raman photons emitted into a single waveguide, we observe a quantum interference effect resulting from the superradiant emission of two entangled SiV centers.

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An integrated diamond nanophotonics platform for quantum optical networks

A sequence of single photons is emitted on demand from a single three-level atom strongly coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity. The photons are generated by an adiabatically driven stimulated Raman transition between two atomic ground states, with the vacuum field of the cavity stimulating one branch of the transition, and laser pulses deterministically driving the other branch. This process is unitary and therefore intrinsically reversible, which is essential for quantum communication and networking, and the photons should be appropriate for all-optical quantum information processing.

Reply on H. J. Kimble's comment on "Deterministic single-photon source for distributed quantum networking"

We study the generation of transient entanglement induced by a single-photon Gaussian wave packet in multiatom bidirectional-waveguide QED. In particular, we investigate the effect of increasing the number of atoms on the average pairwise entanglement. We demonstrate, by selecting smaller decay rates and in chiral-waveguide settings, that both entanglement survival times and maximum generated entanglement can be increased by at least a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}3/2$, independent of the number of atoms. In addition, we analyze the influence of detuning and delays on the robustness of the generated entanglement. There are potential applications of our results in entanglement-based multiqubit quantum networks.

Multiqubit entanglement in bidirectional-chiral-waveguide QED

This work shows that collective effects arising due to infinitely long-ranged dipole-dipole interaction among thirty quantum emitters can protect the routing of single photons from spontaneous emission loss in a chiral waveguide quantum electrodynamics ladder.

https://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.043048

Collective photon routing improvement in a dissipative quantum emitter chain strongly coupled to a chiral waveguide QED ladder

We study the optical transmission characteristics of pump-probe driven spinning optomechanical ring resonators coupled in a series configuration. After performing the steady-state analysis valid for an arbitrary number of resonators, as an example, we discuss the two-resonator problem in detail. Therein, we focus on how changing the optical Sagnac effect due to same or opposite spinning directions of resonators can lead to enhanced, non-reciprocal and delayed probe light transmission. This work can help in devising spin degree of freedom based novel devices of manipulating light propagation in quantum networks and quantum communication technologies.

On the optical nonreciprocity and slow light propagation in coupled spinning optomechanical resonators

We theoretically investigate the real-time emission spectrum of a two-level atom coupled to an optomechanical cavity (OMC). Using the quantum trajectory approach, we obtain the single-photon time-dependent spectrum in this hybrid system where the influences of a strong atom-cavity coupling and a strong optomechanical interaction are studied. We find that a dressed state picture can explain the spectra by predicting the exact peak locations, as well as the relative peak heights. In our analysis, we also include the effect of mechanical losses (under the weak mechanical damping limit) and single-photon loss through spontaneous emission from the two-level emitter.

Real-time emission spectrum of a hybrid atom-optomechanical cavity

We theoretically investigate the emission spectrum of an optomechanical Tavis-Cummings model: two dipole-dipole interacting atoms coupled to an optomechanical cavity (OMC). In particular, we study the influence of dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) on the single-photon spectrum emitted by this hybrid system in the presence of a strong atom-cavity as well as strong optomechanical interaction (hereafter called the strong-strong coupling). We also show that our analysis is amenable to inclusion of the mechanical losses (under the weak mechanical damping limit) and single-photon loss through spontaneous emission from the two-level emitters under a nonlocal Lindblad model.

Strong coupling optical spectra in dipole-dipole interacting optomechanical Tavis-Cummings models

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