—We report the first demonstration of photothermally excited vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) RF switches. The switches operate from dc to 65 GHz. VO 2 is a phase-change material with a volatile insulator–metal transition (IMT) at 68 ◦ C, and it is a promising technology for millimeter-wave (mmWave) switching applications that require low-loss performance. However, the traditional activation of VO 2 switches using microheaters results in undesirable parasitic capacitance. We propose heating VO 2 with a laser, which decouples the excitation method from electro-magnetic (EM) design. The coplanar waveguide (CPW) switches exhibit low-loss, ultrawideband performance, with < 0.43-dB insertion loss (IL) and > 17.7-dB return loss in the ON state and > 17.2-dB isolation in the OFF state from 10 MHz to 65 GHz. The figure of merit defined as 1/(2 π R ON C OFF ) is extracted as 12.4 THz. We achieve switching times in the microsecond range using a continuous-wave 786-nm semiconductor laser.

Ultrawideband, Photothermally Excited mmWave Vanadium Dioxide Switches

: We report a novel four-port optical router that exploits non-linear properties of vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) phase-change material to achieve asymmetrical power threshold response with power limiting capability. The scope of this study lies within the concept, modeling, and simulation of the device, with practical considerations in mind for future experimental devices. The waveguide structure, designed to operate at the wavelength of 5.0 µm, is composed of a silicon core with air and silicon dioxide forming the cladding layers. Two ring resonators are employed to couple two straight waveguides, thus four individual ports. One of the ring resonators has a 100-nm-thick VO 2 layer responsible for non-linear behavior of the device. The router achieves 56.5 and 64.5 dB of power limiting at the forward and reverse operating modes, respectively. Total transmission in the inactivated mode is 75%. Bi-stability and latching behavior are demonstrated and discussed.

Thermo-optic VO 2 -based silicon waveguide mid-infrared router with asymmetric activation thresholds and large bi-stability

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Thermo-optic VO 2 -based silicon waveguide mid-infrared router with asymmetric activation thresholds and large bi-stability