The Political Consciousness of Post-Industrialism@@@The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics.

In recent years, transnational and domestic nongovernmental organizations have created non–state market–driven (NSMD) governance systems whose purpose is to develop and implement environmentally and socially responsible management practices. Eschewing traditional state authority, these systems and their supporters have turned to the market’s supply chain to create incentives and force companies to comply.

This paper develops an analytical framework designed to understand better the emergence of NSMD governance systems and the conditions under which they may gain authority to create policy. Its theoretical roots draw on pragmatic, moral, and cognitive legitimacy granting distinctions made within organizational sociology, while its empirical focus is on the case of sustainable forestry certification, arguably the most advanced case of NSMD governance globally. The paper argues that such a framework is needed to assess whether these new private governance systems might ultimately challenge existing state–centered authority and public policy–making processes, and in so doing reshape power relations within domestic and global environmental governance.

Legitimacy and the Privatization of Environmental Governance: How Non-State Market-Driven (NSMD) Governance Systems Gain Rule-Making Authority

Putting Ideas in Their Place: A Response to “Learning and Change in the British Columbia Forest Policy Sector” *

The concept of sustainable forest management (SFM) requires forest resource managers to monitor and collect information pertaining to their environmental, economic and social impact. There are increasing expectations from a variety of publics (government, customers, and other stakeholders) that forests be demonstrably well-managed, creating incentives for forest managers to design credible systems for assessing their management performance. It is against this background that local, national and international approaches to regulating forest practices have been evolving. This article reviews the different dimensions of governance as they relate to monitoring and information reporting in the forest sector. Specifically, it discusses the changing role of sovereignty, the effects of globalization and the emergence of civil society stakeholders in forestry-related decision-making. Concepts such as sovereignty and globalization have important implications for monitoring forest practices and for defining SFM. Whether SFM standard creation and enforcement involves a sovereign, shared-sovereignty or civil society approach will affect the level and nature of SFM monitoring. As a result, we need to better consider the concept of monitoring appropriate to the scale and intensity of operations, how monitoring and information reporting standards differ between jurisdictions, and what this means for independently verifying SFM at an inter-jurisdictional level.

Monitoring sustainable forest management in different jurisdictions.

The authors examine the commodity-oriented nature of the British Columbia (BC) forest industry in the context of domestic policy changes and globalization. An analysis of primary data on the volume and value of wood products highlights the degree to which BC firms depend on the export of four products (softwood lumber, pulp, newsprint, and paper) for sale in three markets (United States, Europe, and Japan). This commodity-oriented industrial approach has been negatively affected by allowable annual cut (AAC) reductions in BC consequent upon “falldown,” increased stumpage rates, the Forest Practices Code, and the Protected Areas Strategy. BC's forest sector is under threat also from lower-cost companies benefiting from trade liberalization, national and regional forest industry development policies, lower production costs, and technological innovation. The report concludes that BC's commodity-oriented forest industry will be unable to remain globally competitive as a result of increasing costs within BC and decreasing costs elsewhere. © 1998 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Trading in the future: British Columbia's forest products compromise

https://www.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/pubwarehouse/pdfs/4070.pdf

The challenge to canadian forest products in europe: managing a complex environmental issue

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The challenge to canadian forest products in europe: managing a complex environmental issue