A unique class of microcrystalline semiconductor materials which can be modulated, within a crystalline phase, to assume any one of a large dynamic range of different Fermi level positions while maintaining a substantially constant band gap over the entire range, even after a modulating field has been removed. A solid state, directly overwritable, electronic and optical, non-volatile, high density, low cost, low energy, high speed, readily manufacturable, multibit single cell memory based upon the novel switching characteristics provided by said unique class of semiconductor materials, which memory exhibits orders of magnitude higher switching speeds at remarkably reduced energy levels. The novel memory of the instant invention is in turn characterized, inter alia, by numerous stable and non-volatile detectable configurations of local atomic order, which configurations can be selectively and repeatably accessed by input signals of varying levels.

Homogeneous compositions of microcrystalline semiconductor material, semiconductor devices and directly overwritable memory elements fabricated therefrom, and arrays fabricated from the memory elements

A lithographic printing plate precursor includes an image-recording layer and a protective layer containing a stratiform compound, wherein at least one of the image-recording layer and the protective layer contains a polymer containing as a repeating unit, a structural unit having an ammonium structure.

Lithographic printing plate precursor and lithographic printing method

A phase change optical recording medium which includes 1) a substrate (11) having a planar surface; and 2) a plurality of discrete data recording points (31) deposited upon the substrate (11). The discrete data recording points (31) are formed from a phase change material which changes from a state of a first relative order to a state of a second relative order and vice versa upon the application of optical beam energy. Preferably the phase change material forming the plurality of discrete data recording points (31) is deposited within individual cavities embossed into the surface of the substrate (11). More preferably the individual cavities are cylindrical or parabolic (bowl shaped) cavities having their central axis perpendicular to the plane of the surface of the substrate (11).

Optical recording medium having a plurality of discrete phase change data recording points

Bioadhesive pharmaceutical carrier consisting essentially of a polymer blend of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and xanthan gum or sodium alginate. The invention also provides for a method of control releasing a pharmaceutical active comprising incorporating an active into the bioadhesive pharmaceutical carrier. The invention is particularly adaptable for oral use and teething gels.

Bioadhesive pharmaceutical carrier

The present invention provides a structure of a printed circuit board and a manufacturing method thereof. The method includes: (a) forming a circuit pattern on an insulating layer in which a seed layer is formed; (b) embedding the circuit pattern into the insulating layer by a press method; and (c) removing the seed layer. According to the present invention, a fine pattern may be formed without occurring alignment problem by forming a circuit pattern directly on an insulating layer and reliability of the formed fine pattern may be increased by performing a process of embedding protruded circuits into the insulating layer. In addition, possibility of inferior circuit occurring due to ion migration between adjacent circuits may be reduced by performing over-etching a circuit layer to be lower than a surface of the insulating layer during the etching process of removing a seed layer.

Printed circuit board and manufacturing method thereof

Disclosed is an optical recording medium comprising a transparent substrate having a tracking line formed therein, and a recording layer formed on that surface of the substrate in which is formed the tracking line. The recording layer consists of a low oxide of nickel. Also disclosed is an optical recording medium comprising a transparent substrate consisting of a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin layer formed on each surface of the substrate, a patterned photoresist layer, said patterned photoresist layer being formed on one of the thermosetting resin layer, and a recording layer formed to cover the exposed portion of the thermosetting resin layer and the patterned photoresist layer.

Optical recording medium

PURPOSE:To shorten the manufacturing process and improve the product yield by continuously depositing and stacking gland layers and insulating layers as conductive and insulating macromolecular polymer layers by plasma polymerization CONSTITUTION:On a substrate 1, a first conductive polymeric layer 2 is formed by plasma polymerization using a monomer and a metal electrode containing any of Mo, W, Ta, Ti, and a first insulating polymeric layer 3 is formed by plasma polymerization using the same monomer as said monomer Then a wiring 4 is formed by an inorganic thin layer, and on the first insulating polymeric layer 3 and the wiring 4, a second insulating polymeric layer 13 is formed by plasma polymerization using the same monomer as in forming the first insulating polymeric layer 3 Further, using the same monomer as the aforementioned monomer and an electrode containing any of Mo, W, Ta, Ti, a second conductive polymeric layer 12 is formed by plasma polymerization By continuously depositing the gland layers and insulating layers by plasma polymerization, the shortening of the manufacturing process and the improvement of the yield can be accomplished

Manufacture of wiring board

PURPOSE:To enhance recording sensitivity, prolong the useful life under preservation in air and enhance C/N of reproduction signals, by dispersing fine particles of a metal in a metallic carbide matrix CONSTITUTION:After evacuating a vacuum vessel 31, a rare gas such as Ar is introduced through a gas-introducing port 32 to obtain a pressure of 10 -10 Torr Next, HF electric power (1356MHz) is impressed on a target 34 through a terminal 36 to generate a plasma, whereby a recording film comprising fine particles of a metal dispersed in a metallic carbide matrix is built up on a substrate 4 placed on a counter electrode 35 The metallic carbide is a covalent carbide such as SiC and B4C, or an MC-type interstitial carbide, such as TiC, ZrC, HfC, VC, NbC, TaC, MoC and WC, or an MC2-type interstitial carbide such as VC2, TaC2, MoC2 and WC2 The fine metal particles to disperse into the metallic carbide matrix are Ti, V, Zn, In, Si, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Se, Te or the like, which easily becomes amorphous

Information recording medium and production thereof

PURPOSE:To execute the mass-production of a translucent sheet with a tracking channel by copying the fine pattern of a stamper with a compression forming method to give the temperature and the pressure of a suitable condition to the translucent sheet whose thickness is between 300-800mum by a heat press CONSTITUTION:A stamper 2 of a nickel of an electroforming, in which the cutting of the fine pattern is executed, is fitted to one side of heat presses 1, in which the temperature and the pressure can be controlled, and a polycarbonate sheet 3 of thickness 400mum is inserted between the presses 1 After a preheating is executed to one part of the sheet 3 at the temperature lower than a softening point, for example, at 120 degC, it is pressurized for thirty seconds with the condition of 200 degC and 10kg/cm and a quenching is executed during the pressurizing The pressurizing is removed at the temperature lower than 120 degC and the sheet 3 is coiled off Thus, with one procedure for forty seconds, a translucent cover film, to which a fine tracking channel is copied, can be formed

Manufacture for tracking channel of optical recording card

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrode capable of obtaining stable water electrolysis performance with a small amount of noble metal, a membrane electrode composite, an electrochemical cell, and a stack.SOLUTION: Provided is an electrode comprising: a catalyst layer including a base material and a plurality of catalyst units provided on the base material and having a porous structure. The catalyst layer includes: the first catalyst layer in which the catalyst units are dispersed at the first dispersion degree in the vicinity of the base material; and the second catalyst layer provided at the upper part of the first catalyst layer, and in which the catalyst units are dispersed at the second dispersion degree. The second dispersion degree is different from the first dispersion degree.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Electrode, membrane electrode composite, electrochemical cell and stack

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