With recent text-to-image models, anyone can generate deceptively realistic images with arbitrary contents, fueling the growing threat of visual disinformation. A key enabler for generating high-resolution images with low computational cost has been the development of latent diffusion models (LDMs). In contrast to conventional diffusion models, LDMs perform the denoising process in the low-dimensional latent space of a pre-trained autoencoder (AE) instead of the high-dimensional image space. Despite their relevance, the forensic analysis of LDMs is still in its infancy. In this work we propose AEROBLADE, a novel detection method which exploits an inherent component of LDMs: the AE used to transform images between image and latent space. We find that generated images can be more accurately reconstructed by the AE than real images, allowing for a simple detection approach based on the reconstruction error. Most importantly, our method is easy to implement and does not require any training, yet nearly matches the performance of detectors that rely on extensive training. We empirically demonstrate that AEROBLADE is effective against state-of-the-art LDMs including Stable Diffusion and Midjourney. Beyond detection, our approach allows for the qualitative analysis of images, which can be leveraged for identifying inpainted regions.

pdf/aeroblade-training-free-detection-of-latent-diffusion-images-2ebxfpfzjj.pdf

AEROBLADE: Training-Free Detection of Latent Diffusion Images Using Autoencoder Reconstruction Error

Image inpainting, the process of restoring corrupted images, has seen significant advancements with the advent of diffusion models (DMs). Despite these advancements, current DM adaptations for inpainting, which involve modifications to the sampling strategy or the development of inpainting-specific DMs, frequently suffer from semantic inconsistencies and reduced image quality. Addressing these challenges, our work introduces a novel paradigm: the division of masked image features and noisy latent into separate branches. This division dramatically diminishes the model's learning load, facilitating a nuanced incorporation of essential masked image information in a hierarchical fashion. Herein, we present BrushNet, a novel plug-and-play dual-branch model engineered to embed pixel-level masked image features into any pre-trained DM, guaranteeing coherent and enhanced image inpainting outcomes. Additionally, we introduce BrushData and BrushBench to facilitate segmentation-based inpainting training and performance assessment. Our extensive experimental analysis demonstrates BrushNet's superior performance over existing models across seven key metrics, including image quality, mask region preservation, and textual coherence.

BrushNet: A Plug-and-Play Image Inpainting Model with Decomposed Dual-Branch Diffusion

Text-based image editing has advanced significantly in recent years. With the rise of diffusion models, image editing via textual instructions has become ubiquitous. Unfortunately, current models lack the ability to customize the quantity of the change per pixel or per image fragment, resorting to changing the entire image in an equal amount, or editing a specific region using a binary mask. In this paper, we suggest a new framework which enables the user to customize the quantity of change for each image fragment, thereby enhancing the flexibility and verbosity of modern diffusion models. Our framework does not require model training or fine-tuning, but instead performs everything at inference time, making it easily applicable to an existing model. We show both qualitatively and quantitatively that our method allows better controllability and can produce results which are unattainable by existing models. Our code is available at: https://github.com/exx8/differential-diffusion

pdf/differential-diffusion-giving-each-pixel-its-strength-1c9onsrg.pdf

Differential Diffusion: Giving Each Pixel Its Strength

Floods are natural events that can have a significant impacts on the economy and society of affected regions. To mitigate their effects, it is crucial to conduct a rapid and accurate assessment of the damage and take measures to restore critical infrastructure as quickly as possible. Remote sensing monitoring using artificial intelligence is a promising tool for estimating the extent of flooded areas. However, monitoring flood events still presents some challenges due to varying weather conditions and cloud cover that can limit the use of visible satellite data. Additionally, satellite observations may not always correspond to the flood peak, and it is essential to estimate both the extent and volume of the flood. To address these challenges, we propose a methodology that combines multispectral and radar data and utilizes a deep neural network pipeline to analyze the available remote sensing observations for different dates. This approach allows us to estimate the depth of the flood and calculate its volume. Our study uses Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 data, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) measurements to provide accurate and reliable flood monitoring results. To validate the developed approach, we consider a flood event occurred in 2021 in Ushmun. As a result, we succeeded to evaluate the volume of that flood event at 0.0087 km3. Overall, our proposed methodology offers a simple yet effective approach to monitoring flood events using satellite data and deep neural networks. It has the potential to improve the accuracy and speed of flood damage assessments, which can aid in the timely response and recovery efforts in affected regions.

Flood Extent and Volume Estimation Using Remote Sensing Data

While text-to-image models like DALLE-3 and Stable Diffusion are rapidly proliferating, they often encounter challenges such as hallucination, bias, and the production of unsafe, low-quality output. To effectively address these issues, it is crucial to align these models with desired behaviors based on feedback from a multimodal judge. Despite their significance, current multimodal judges frequently undergo inadequate evaluation of their capabilities and limitations, potentially leading to misalignment and unsafe fine-tuning outcomes. To address this issue, we introduce MJ-Bench, a novel benchmark which incorporates a comprehensive preference dataset to evaluate multimodal judges in providing feedback for image generation models across four key perspectives: alignment, safety, image quality, and bias. Specifically, we evaluate a large variety of multimodal judges including smaller-sized CLIP-based scoring models, open-source VLMs (e.g. LLaVA family), and close-source VLMs (e.g. GPT-4o, Claude 3) on each decomposed subcategory of our preference dataset. Experiments reveal that close-source VLMs generally provide better feedback, with GPT-4o outperforming other judges in average. Compared with open-source VLMs, smaller-sized scoring models can provide better feedback regarding text-image alignment and image quality, while VLMs provide more accurate feedback regarding safety and generation bias due to their stronger reasoning capabilities. Further studies in feedback scale reveal that VLM judges can generally provide more accurate and stable feedback in natural language (Likert-scale) than numerical scales. Notably, human evaluations on end-to-end fine-tuned models using separate feedback from these multimodal judges provide similar conclusions, further confirming the effectiveness of MJ-Bench. All data, code, models are available at https://huggingface.co/MJ-Bench. 

pdf/mj-bench-is-your-multimodal-reward-model-really-a-good-judge-sw66g6m4et.pdf

MJ-Bench: Is Your Multimodal Reward Model Really a Good Judge for
  Text-to-Image Generation?

Text-to-image generation is a significant domain in modern computer vision and has achieved substantial improvements through the evolution of generative architectures. Among these, there are diffusion-based models that have demonstrated essential quality enhancements. These models are generally split into two categories: pixel-level and latent-level approaches. We present Kandinsky1, a novel exploration of latent diffusion architecture, combining the principles of the image prior models with latent diffusion techniques. The image prior model is trained separately to map text embeddings to image embeddings of CLIP. Another distinct feature of the proposed model is the modified MoVQ implementation, which serves as the image autoencoder component. Overall, the designed model contains 3.3B parameters. We also deployed a user-friendly demo system that supports diverse generative modes such as text-to-image generation, image fusion, text and image fusion, image variations generation, and text-guided inpainting/outpainting. Additionally, we released the source code and checkpoints for the Kandinsky models. Experimental evaluations demonstrate a FID score of 8.03 on the COCO-30K dataset, marking our model as the top open-source performer in terms of measurable image generation quality.

pdf/kandinsky-an-improved-text-to-image-synthesis-with-image-2ec5y8c31r.pdf

Kandinsky: an Improved Text-to-Image Synthesis with Image Prior and Latent Diffusion

MineralImage5k: A benchmark for zero-shot raw mineral visual recognition and description

We present Kandinsky 3.0, a large-scale text-to-image generation model based on latent diffusion, continuing the series of text-to-image Kandinsky models and reflecting our progress to achieve higher quality and realism of image generation. Compared to previous versions of Kandinsky 2.x, Kandinsky 3.0 leverages a two times larger U-Net backbone, a ten times larger text encoder and removes diffusion mapping. We describe the architecture of the model, the data collection procedure, the training technique, and the production system of user interaction. We focus on the key components that, as we have identified as a result of a large number of experiments, had the most significant impact on improving the quality of our model compared to the others. By our side-by-side comparisons, Kandinsky becomes better in text understanding and works better on specific domains. Project page: https://ai-forever.github.io/Kandinsky-3

Kandinsky 3.0 Technical Report

In the report we propose six new implementations of ruCLIP model trained on our 240M pairs. The accuracy results are compared with original CLIP model with Ru-En translation (OPUS-MT) on 16 datasets from different domains. Our best implementations outperform CLIP + OPUS-MT solution on most of the datasets in few-show and zero-shot tasks. In the report we briefly describe the implementations and concentrate on the conducted experiments. Inference execution time comparison is also presented in the report.

RuCLIP - new models and experiments: a technical report

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Kandinsky: an Improved Text-to-Image Synthesis with Image Prior and Latent Diffusion

MineralImage5k: A benchmark for zero-shot raw mineral visual recognition and description

Kandinsky 3.0 Technical Report

RuCLIP - new models and experiments: a technical report