Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

The antimicrobial effects Ethanolic extracts of leaves of two species of genusZiziphus were determined against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. S. pyogeneswas the most susceptible followed by E. coli while S. aureus was the least susceptible. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 1 mg, 5 mg ml-1 and 20 mg, 40 mg ml-1, respectively. Extracts showed no activity against the fungal isolates - A. niger and C. albicans. The plants cannot be used in treating any type of fungal infections (dermatophycoses). The phytochemicals identified were cardiac glycosides, polyphenols, saponins and tannins. Extracts from these plants could be useful in the treatment of nosocomial infections, opportunistic infection of the unary tract (UTI), infantile gastroenteritis, travelers’ diarrhea, wound infection, meningitis, and wounds infection which are diseases caused by some of these organisms.

	 

	Key words: Antimicrobial activity, pathogenic microbes, phytochemical constituents, Ziziphus.

https://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380807724_Abalaka et al..pdf

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of two Ziziphus species (Ziziphus mauritiana L. and Ziziphus spinachristi L.) on some microbial pathogens

In order to determine the in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential and phytochemical properties of leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana L. and Ziziphus spina-christi L. in comparism with Ascorbic Acid. The present study was undertaken using in vitro antioxidant methods like hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, lipid peroxidation and superoxide radical standardization methods. The Ethanol and Hexane extracts of Z. mauritiana L. and Z. spina-christi L. leaves were subjected to the methods listed above. The results of antioxidant activity revealed that, the ethanol extract has lower EC50 values than the hexane extract of Z. mauritiana L. and Z. spina-christi L. The lower EC50 value indicates the higher free radical scavenging ability of the plants. So, the ethanol extract has a better antioxidant activity than hexane extract. These results were compared with the standard ascorbic acid solution. The phytochemicals such as cardiac glycosides, polyphenols, saponins and tannins were identified, among others. It is suspected that these active constituents acting singly or in synergy may be responsible for the observed antioxidant activity of these plant species.
	
	Key words: Ziziphus mauritiana L., Ziziphus spina-christi L., free radical, phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity.

Studies on in-vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential and phytochemical screening of leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana L.and Ziziphus spina-christi L. compared with Ascorbic acid

Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for a wide variety of tumors, but is reported to cause hepatic toxicity. In the current study, the dose dependent(5% and 10%) and time course curative potential of aqueous leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus (C.C.) on cisplatin induced hepatotoxic rats using biochemical and histopathological approaches was evaluated. Male albino Wistar rats weighing between 150-200g were randomly separated into four different groups. Tissue damage was induced in rats of groups 2, 3 and 4 by a single intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin(5mg/kg b.w). Test rats in groups’ 3 and 4 were treated 3 days after cisplatin injection intraperitoneally (i.p) with 5% and 10% C.C. accordingly for 3,6,9 and 12 days. Rats in group 2 were given sterile water in place of the extracts while rats in group I were the untreated controls. They were all allowed unlimited access to tap water and growers’ mash. Cisplatin treatment caused increase (P≤ 0.05) in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from 43.03 ± 1.29 to 127.90 ± 0.89 U/L and a decrease (P≤ 0.05) in serum protein concentration from 93.70 ± 0.61 to 50.43 ± 1.53 g/l. There were considerable decreases (P≤ 0.05) in body weight and liver weight to body weight ratio. However most of these changes were alleviated by prophylactic treatment with aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus dose and time dependently (P≤ 0.05).The ameliorating effect was further evident through decreased histopathological alterations of liver tissues in the groups treated with aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus (5% and 10%). The results of this study indicate that aqueous leaf extracts of Cymbopogon citratus has anti-hepatotoxic action against cisplatin induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Hence the extracts have the potential to be used for the management of hepatopathies and as a therapeutic adjuvant in cisplatin toxicity.

Curative Potential of Aqueous Extract of Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon Citratus) on Cisplatin Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats

In the current study, the dose dependent(5% and 10%) and time course curative potential of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum (O.G.) on cisplatin induced nephrotoxic rats using biochemical and histopathological approaches was evaluated. Male albino wistar rats weighing between 150-200g were randomly separated into four different groups. Tissue damage was induced in rats of groups 2, 3 and 4 by a single intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin(5mg/kg b.w). Test rats in groups' 3 and 4 were treated 3 days after cisplatin injection intraperitoneally (i.p) with 5% and 10% C.C. accordingly for 3,6,9 and 12 days. Rats in group 2 were given sterile water in place of the extracts while rats in group I were the untreated controls. They were all allowed unlimited access to tap water and growers' mash. Cisplatin treatment caused increases (P≤ 0.05) in serum urea from 5.733 ± 0.06 to 13.000 ± 0.10 mmol/l, creatinine, uric acid, urine volume and urinary protein. Significant decreases (P≤ 0.05) in urinary creatinine were also observed. There were considerable decreases (P≤ 0.05) in body weight and increase (P≤ 0.05) in kidney weight to body weight ratio. However most of these changes were alleviated by prophylactic treatment with aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum dose and time dependently (P≤ 0.05).The ameliorating effect was further evident through decreased histopathological alterations of kidney tissues in the groups treated with aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum (5% and 10%). The results of this study indicate that aqueous leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum affect the course of tubular repair after the onset of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats with accelerated recovery. Hence the extracts have the potential to be used for the management of nephropathies and as a therapeutic adjuvant in cisplatin toxicity.

/pdf/ocimum-gratissimum-aqueous-extract-enhances-recovery-in-2fy01cl4hh.pdf

Ocimum gratissimum Aqueous Extract Enhances Recovery in Cisplatin - Induced Nephrotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats

No Abstract. International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences Vol. 4 (1) 2008: pp. 63-67

The effect of Hibiscus sabdarriffa calyx extraction cisplatin-induced tissue damage in rats

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The effect of Hibiscus sabdarriffa calyx extraction cisplatin-induced tissue damage in rats