In the global economy, tourism is one of the most noticeable and growing sectors. Thissector plays an important role in boosting a nation's economy. An increase in tourism flow canbring positive economic outcomes to the nations, especially in gross domestic product (GDP) andemployment opportunities. In South Asian countries, the tourism industry is an engine ofeconomic development and GDP growth. This study investigates the impact of tourism onPakistan's economic growth and employment. The period under study was from 1990 to 2015. Tocheck whether the variables under study were stationary, augmented Dickey-Fuller andPhillips-Perron unit root tests were applied. A regression technique and Johansen cointegrationapproach were employed for the analysis of data. The key finding of this study shows that there isa positive and significant impact of tourism on Pakistan's economic growth as well as employmentsector and there is also a long-run relationship among the variables under study. This studysuggests that legislators should focus on the policies with special emphasis on the promotion oftourism due to its great potential throughout the country. Policy implications of this recent studyand future research suggestions are also mentioned.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/19/3785/pdf

The Contribution of Sustainable Tourism toEconomic Growth and Employment in Pakistan.

This paper analyzes the legitimacy of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for a group of seven (G7) countries over the period 1995–2015. In addition to testing the EKC speculation, the authors also would like to understand the ways in which increases in renewable energy consumption and the international tourism receipt affect the CO2 emissions in G7 countries, because the energy and tourism sectors may have considerable direct impacts on CO2 emissions. In this investigation, a panel bootstrap cointegration test and an augmented mean group (AMG) estimator were applied. The empirical findings indicate that the tourism-induced EKC hypothesis is valid only for France. Additionally, it was detected that a rise in renewable energy consumption has a negative (reduction) impact on CO2 emissions in France, Italy, the UK, and the US. However, an increase in the receipt of international touristm has a positive (additional) impact on Italy’s CO2 emissions. Hence, this country’s decision-makers should re-review their tourism policy to adopt a renewable-inclusive one for sustainable tourism and the environment.

An Evaluation of the tourism-induced environmental kuznets curve (T-EKC) hypothesis: Evidence from G7 countries

Tourism is vital to the success of many economies worldwide and has been a widely researched area for many years. Unfortunately, an insufficient number of studies have been conducted on this subject in the context of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this research investigates the role of tourism in promoting economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by using annual time series data from 2003 to 2019. The study uses basic statistics, correlation coefficients, the unit root test, the Johansen co-integration test, the co-integration regression test and the Granger causality test to check the relationship between tourism and economic growth. The results show that economic growth has a long-run relationship with tourism receipts, tourism expenditures and the number of tourist arrivals; the number of tourist arrivals has a strong relationship with economic growth, compared to other parameters. The empirical results validate the concept that tourism promotes economic growth in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The Role of Tourism in Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Retesting the EKC hypothesis through transmission of the ARMEY curve model: an alternative composite model approach with theory and policy implications for NAFTA countries

Epidemiological susceptibility risk and tourist flows around the world

Globalization tendencies appeared as an outcome of scientific and technological innovations in 20th century impact the tourism sector as well as most other sectors. Like in many developing countries, the tourism sector accompanied by the change of sectoral structure in Turkey is the main element which determines Economic Growth. This study investigates the causal relations between Tourism Sector and Economic Growth for the economy of Turkey by using Phillips-Perron test, Cointegration approach, Granger Causality test and a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model over the period of 1985-2007. Discussion is given related to these findings and the implications to the country's Tourism Sector and also future research.

The Impact of Tourism on Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey

Bu calismanin amaci, ulkelerin refah duzeyinin belirlenmesinde onemli rol oynayan saglik ile kalkinma arasindaki iliskiyi analiz etmektir. Beseri sermayenin en onemli bilesenlerinden olan saglik ile kalkinma arasinda teorik olarak bilinen iliskinin ekonometrik analizinin yapilmasi onem arz etmektedir. Bu amacla 1975-2012 donemine ait yillik verilerle Turkiye’deki saglik alaninda gorulen gelismelerin kalkinma uzerindeki etkisi aciklanmaktadir. Kalkinma gostergesi olarak kisi basina dusen gelirdeki artis orani ve bebek olum hizi ele alinarak, iki model kurulmaktadir. Bagimsiz degisken olarak da kisi basina dusen toplam saglik harcamalari, kisi basina dusen yatak sayisi, toplam saglik kurumu sayisi ve toplam saglik harcamalarinin milli gelir icindeki payi ele alinmaktadir. Calismanin analizinde; temel birim kok testlerinden Augmented Dickey-Fuller ve Phillips-Perron ile Hatemi-J (2012) Asimetrik Nedensellik testi uygulanmistir. Analiz sonucunda saglik gostergeleri ile kalkinma arasinda pozitif bir iliski tespit edilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kalkinma, Saglik Hizmetleri, Asimetrik Bilgi, Turkiye.

/pdf/saglik-ile-kalkinma-arasindaki-iliskinin-asimetrik-3xxcyaf8c1.pdf

Sağlık ile Kalkınma Arasındaki İlişkinin Asimetrik Nedensellik Analizi

Bu calismada, iktisat literaturunun onemli tartisma konularindan birini olusturan banka kredileri ile enflasyon arasindaki iliski, Turkiye acisindan belirlenmeye calisilmaktadir. 1983-2007 donemini kapsayan bu calismada, toplam banka kredileri ve enflasyon (UFE) degiskenleri kullanilmistir. Banka kredileri ile enflasyon arasindaki iliskiler, Johansen es-butunlesme analizi ve hata duzeltme modeli kullanilarak ekonometrik acidan analiz edilmektedir. Analiz sonuclarina gore, uzun donemde enflasyon banka kredilerini negatif etkilerken, banka kredileri enflasyonu pozitif etkilemektedir. Ayrica hata duzeltme-gelistirilmis Granger nedensellik testleri, banka kredileri ile enflasyon arasinda karsilikli nedensellik iliskisi oldugunu gostermektedir.

/pdf/banka-kredileri-ve-enflasyon-arasindaki-iliski-turkiye-47amv6hzu1.pdf

Banka kredi̇leri̇ ve enflasyon arasindaki̇ i̇li̇şki̇: türki̇ye üzeri̇ne ekonometri̇k bi̇r anali̇z (1983-2007)

Economic growth is one of the most important macroeconomic targets, due to its relatively important effects on the other macroeconomic variables. Among many others, productivity of labor, accumulation of capital, technological improvements, enhancement of human capital, existence of natural resources are considered to be the most important factors affecting economic growth. In this study, the effect of energy usage on industrial production is examined. The contribution  of energy on industrial production is beyond any dispute. The use of energy is impulsive for technological improvement and the most important component of the increase in labor productivity. Machines and capital equipments can not be made use of, unless necessary energy input is obtained. In this paper, the relationship between energy consumption of industry and economic growth for 1970 to 2010 period in Turkey is examined using regression analysis.

	 

	Key words: Turkish economy, A±ndustrial energy consumption, economic growth.

Industral sector energy consumpton n Turkey- the relatonshp between economc growth (1970-2010)

Tarih boyunca insanlik, bazen istege bagli bazen de zorunlu olarak yasanan, goc hareketlerine taniklik etmistir. Bu goc hareketleri beraberinde toplumun yapisinda cok onemli degisikliklerin olusmasina sebep olmustur. “Arap Bahari”nin son halkasini olusturan Ortadogu cografyasindaki yonetim degisiklikleri hareketleri Suriye’de hala amacina ulasamamistir. Bunun soncu olarak Suriye’de bir ic savasin baslamasini beraberinde getirmistir. Suriye ic savasi ile birlikte insanlik tarihi, dunyanin en buyuk ve zorunlu ic ve dis goc hareketlerinden birine sahit olmaktadir. Turkiye hem sinir komsusu olmasi, hem de iki toplum arasinda gecmise dayali ortak kulturel iliskilerden dolayi Suriyeliler tarafindan en cok tercih edilen ulkelerin basinda yer almaktadir. Bu calismada Suriye ic savasinin sonucu olarak bulunduklari yerleri terk etmek zorunda kalan Suriyeli gocmenlerin genelde Turkiye, ozelde ise Gaziantep ilindeki toplumsal ve ekonomik yansimalari analiz edilmistir. Gaziantep ilinde uygulanan saha arastirmasi sonuclarina gore, Suriyeli gocmenlerin hem toplumsal hem de ekonomik anlamda zorluklar cektikleri gorulmektedir.

Göçün Ekonomik Ve Toplumsal Yansımaları: Gaziantep’teki Suriyeli Göçmenler Örneği / Socio-Economic Reflections of Migration: The Example of Syrian Immigrants in Gaziantep / الانعكاسات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للهجرة هجرة السوريين إلى غازي عنتاب نموذجا

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The Impact of Tourism on Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey

Sağlık ile Kalkınma Arasındaki İlişkinin Asimetrik Nedensellik Analizi

Banka kredi̇leri̇ ve enflasyon arasindaki̇ i̇li̇şki̇: türki̇ye üzeri̇ne ekonometri̇k bi̇r anali̇z (1983-2007)

Industral sector energy consumpton n Turkey- the relatonshp between economc growth (1970-2010)