Mitigation scenarios that achieve the ambitious targets included in the Paris Agreement typically rely on greenhouse gas emission reductions combined with net carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere, mostly accomplished through large-scale application of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, and afforestation. However, CDR strategies face several difficulties such as reliance on underground CO2 storage and competition for land with food production and biodiversity protection. The question arises whether alternative deep mitigation pathways exist. Here, using an integrated assessment model, we explore the impact of alternative pathways that include lifestyle change, additional reduction of non-CO2 greenhouse gases and more rapid electrification of energy demand based on renewable energy. Although these alternatives also face specific difficulties, they are found to significantly reduce the need for CDR, but not fully eliminate it. The alternatives offer a means to diversify transition pathways to meet the Paris Agreement targets, while simultaneously benefiting other sustainability goals.

/pdf/alternative-pathways-to-the-1-5-c-target-reduce-the-need-for-1z9mn3lv0d.pdf

Alternative pathways to the 1.5 °C target reduce the need for negative emission technologies

Long-term marginal abatement cost curves of non-CO2 greenhouse gases

Methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO2), but its global warming potential is 21-28 times that of CO2. Coal mining accounts for 9% of...

/pdf/enrichment-of-low-concentration-methane-an-overview-of-2qvip0ed.pdf

Enrichment of low concentration methane: An overview of ventilation air methane

Methane emissions are the second highest contributor to
climate change. Despite having a much lower atmospheric
concentration than carbon dioxide, anthropogenic methane
emissions account for almost one-third of anthropogenic
warming since the pre-industrial period. Recently, the
reduction of methane emissions has been recognized as an
effective lever for reducing the impact of climate change in
the next decade with less drastic economic and industrial
costs than equivalent carbon dioxide mitigation. However,
the wide range of methane emission sources, many of
which are intermittent and at low concentration, poses
a challenge for current detection and mitigation tools.
Promising technical progress has been made on both fronts
over the past decade, especially within the oil and gas sector, yet widespread implementation of mitigation policies and
technologies lags considerably. The 2021 Global Methane
Pledge for a 30% reduction in emissions by 2030 signals
an increase in political will and can be achieved with these
existing tools. It is estimated that the majority of these
reductions can be accomplished through revenue-neutral
or positive actions. Yet, a faster rate of reductions and
sustained reductions beyond what is already available will be
needed to maintain a 1.5◦C pathway. In the long term, more
comprehensive policies, coupled with significant innovations
in methane emission monitoring and mitigation, could enable
an effective climate change mitigation strategy.

https://sciencepolicyreview.org/wp-content/uploads/securepdfs/2022/08/MITSPR-v3-191618003016.pdf

Methane emissions and global warming: Mitigation
technologies, policy ambitions, and global efforts

Ventilation air methane (VAM) emissions are a significant contributor to fugitive greenhouse gas emissions at underground coal mines. The stone dust looping (SDL) process is a novel technology developed at The University of Newcastle, Australia, for VAM abatement. The SDL process is a cyclic process in which calcium oxide (CaO) is first obtained from the calcination of limestone (CaCO₃). CaO is then used to simultaneously oxidize VAM (methane concentrations of 0.1–1 vol % in air) and capture carbon dioxide (CO₂) produced to form CaCO₃. The two cycles can be performed in a single reactor, or the process can be performed continuously in dual interconnected reactors. Preliminary experiments on the SDL process have previously been performed at laboratory scale. In this study, further laboratory-scale studies were conducted in conjunction with pilot-scale SDL investigations in a single 1 m³/s fluidized bed reactor. The effect of inventory size (1–2 tonnes of CaCO₃), operating temperature (565–700 °C), and flow rate (1–1.7 m³/s) on methane conversion was investigated. At temperatures of 600 °C and above, >99.5% methane conversion was achieved for all inventory sizes and flow rates examined. At temperatures of 565 and 575 °C, 41 and 70% methane conversions were achieved, respectively. VAM fluctuation experiments were performed, and it was shown that a fluid bed can act as a thermal mass to reduce fluctuations in the bed temperature as the VAM concentration changes.

Stone Dust Looping for Ventilation Air Methane Abatement: A 1 m3/s Pilot-Scale Study

Ventilation air methane (VAM) found in coal mines is a huge and global problem because it acts as a greenhouse gas (GHG) contributing to climate change. Methods for removing this methane and reducing its impact have to date been limited due to a lack of legislative drivers and a technological focus on reducing the emissions of higher hydrocarbons. Now a new technology, known as COMETTM, has been developed at Johnson Matthey in collaboration with Anglo Coal for abating this methane emission source. This article describes the development of the catalytic system and its engineering aspects to the point where the technology is ready for commercial launch.

COMETTM ‐ A New Ventilation Air Methane (VAM) Abatement Technology

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COMETTM ‐ A New Ventilation Air Methane (VAM) Abatement Technology