Processes and reactor systems are provided for the conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbons to hydrocarbons, ketones and alcohols useful as liquid fuels, such as gasoline, jet fuel or diesel fuel, and industrial chemicals. The process involves the conversion of mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, furans, carboxylic acids, diols, triols, and/or other polyols, to C4+ hydrocarbons, alcohols and/or ketones, by condensation. The oxygenated hydrocarbons may originate from any source, but are preferably derived from biomass.

Synthesis of liquid fuels and chemicals from oxygenated hydrocarbons

Background The world's demand for animal protein is expected to double by 2050. The environmental and health concerns about its production and consumption have thus promoted the evaluation of alternative sources. Oilseed press cakes and meals represent a promising alternative, due to high levels of production globally, and because they are naturally rich in high quality protein. Scope and approach This review will provide information on the suitability of obtaining protein from the main oilseeds (soya, rapeseed/canola and sunflower). Topics covered will be chemical, protein and amino acid composition; patented and published protein extraction protocols, and the issue of antinutrients and protein digestibility. Key findings and conclusions On average, crude protein percentages are soybean (32–43.6% DW) > rapeseed/canola (25–30% DW) > sunflower (10–27% DW). Soy and rape have well balanced amino acid composition, while sunflower is deficient in lysine. Rape contains high levels of antinutrients, also present in soybean. Aqueous extraction remains the protein-enrichment technique of choice in commercial processes, although the use of salt instead of acid or alkali has been a major improvement regarding the protein quality and environmental hazards. Nevertheless, the use of physical methodologies appears as a “green” and affordable option, adequate as well to preserve proteins quality. Despite its outstanding functional and nutritional properties, soy protein allergenicity remains the main barrier for consumption, and also for rape. Sunflower protein low allergenicity and absence of antinutrients forecasts increased use.

Oilseeds beyond oil: Press cakes and meals supplying global protein requirements

Disclosed are methods for generating propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols from biomass using hydrogen produced from the biomass. The methods involve reacting a portion of an aqueous stream of a biomass feedstock solution over a catalyst under aqueous phase reforming conditions to produce hydrogen, and then reacting the hydrogen and the aqueous feedstock solution over a catalyst to produce propylene glycol, ethylene glycal and the other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. The disclosed methods can be run at lower temperatures and pressures, and allows for the production of oxygenated hydrocarbons without the need for hydrogen from an external source.

Methods and systems for generating polyols

A process and apparatus for a method for reducing the amount of acrylamide in thermally processed foods. This invention permits the production of foods having significantly reduced levels of acrylamide. The method relies on the manipulation of various unit operations used in the production of food products, particularly the washing and cooking unit operations. For example, the washing unit operation can be modified to provide a contacting step at an increased time and temperature, and adding components such as calcium chloride and L-cysteine to an aqueous solution used for the contacting. The cooking unit operation can be modified by dividing it into at least a higher-temperature first heating step and a lower-temperature second heating step in order to avoid the high-temperature/low-moisture conditions most favorable for acrylamide formation.

Method for reducing acrylamide formation in thermally processed foods

The invention relates to video holograms and devices for reconstructing video holograms, comprising an optical system that consists of a light source (1), lens (2) and the video hologram (3) that is composed of cells arranged in a matrix or a regular pattern with at least one opening per cell, the phase or amplitude of said opening being controllable. The video holograms and devices for reconstructing the same are characterised in that holographic video representations of expanded spatial objects (6) can be achieved in a wide viewing area in real time using controllable displays, whereby the objects are either computer-generated or created by different means. The space-bandwidth product (SBP) of the hologram is thus reduced to a minimum and the periodicity interval of the Fourier spectrum is used as a viewing window (5) on the inverse transformation plane, through which the object is visible in the preceding space. The mobility of the viewer(s) is achieved by tracking the viewing window. The invention can be advantageously used in the television, multimedia, games and construction fields, in military and medical technology, in addition to other economic and social areas.

Video hologram and device for reconstructing video holograms

Beverage compositions, which include high protein content modified oilseed material, are described. The modified oilseed material typically includes at least 85 wt. % protein (dry solids basis) and has a relatively high average molecular weight, e.g., at least about 40 wt. % of the material has an apparent molecular weight greater than 300,000 daltons.

Protein supplemented beverage compositions

A modified oilseed material formed from oilseed-based material is described. The modified oilseed material can be utilized in a variety of nutritional applications, including the preparation of protein supplemented food products such as beverages, processed meats, frozen desserts, confectionery products, dairy-type products, and cereal grain products. The modified oilseed material typically includes at least 85 wt.% protein (dry solids basis), at least about 40 wt.% of the protein in the modified oilseed material has an apparent molecular weight of at least 300 kDa, and/or the modified oilseed material has a MW50 of at least about 200 kDa.

Modified oilseed material

Techniques for processing cocoa mass are provided. In general, the techniques involve solvent extraction of cocoa fat from cocoa mass, to achieve a desirable cocoa butter and low-fat cocoa powder. In one preferred process, the cocoa mass is the result of grinding cocoa nibs, with absence of a mechanical pressing and heating step, to advantage. Preferred products and uses are characterized.

Method and arrangement for processing cocoa mass

Method and arrangement for processing cocoa mass; resulting products

A commercial-scale method for processing corn grain includes the steps of flaking corn grain having a total oil content of at least about 8% and extracting a corn oil from the flaked corn grain. Such a method can be effectuated by processing the high oil corn grain using equipment typically used to process soybeans and other similar oilseed types. In this way, processing plants that flake oilseeds can be used to extract corn oil from corn.

High oil corn processing

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