Fluoride contamination in plum and peach orchards and its impact on earthworm growth and reproduction

In the quest for a sustainable nematode control strategy, alkaloids of physic nut (Jatropha curcas) plant parts were evaluated for their nematicidal control on the root-gall nematode disease of Okra and its mucilaginous property and nutrient composition in 2019 and 2020 cropping season. The experiment was a 3×6 factorial experiments arranged in Completely Randomized Design with five replications in the screen house. Alkaloids extracted from the seeds, leaves and roots of physic nut plants were applied separately at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ml / potted okra plant inoculated with 1,200 infective (J2) larvae of M. incognita. Results showed that 5 ml of Root and Seed Alkaloids application significantly (P=0.05) reduced root-gall nematode infection to a gall index of 1 and 1.2 (rarely galled) when compared to the untreated control  (4 -severely galled) plants thereby achieving more than 100 percent increase in mucilaginous property of okra over the control for both years of study. Moisture content, fat, calcium and sodium also increased more than the untreated control at 5 ml of root and seed alkaloids. Phosphorus and nitrogen contents were on the other hand rather enhanced by the infection. Neither Okra nor root-gall nematode infection affected ash, magnesium and potassium contents of the fruits. Nevertheless, bioactive active constituent of Physicnut plant parts such as root and seed alkaloids can thus be developed as eco-friendly non-synthetic nematicide for improved yield.

Use of physicnut alkaloids to control root-gall nematode and to improve mucilaginous property and nutrient composition of okra

Fluoride is abundant in the environment and toxic to all living organisms above a certain threshold. Fluoride exposure causes physiological, molecular, and biochemical changes in plants. The current study was initiated to determine the response of plants grown under fluoride stress administered as a soil drench. During the growth season of October 2019 to December 2019, the Lactuca sativa L. was experimented. Sodium fluoride (NaF) concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm were applied to plants twice a week as soil drench to create stressed conditions. With increasing NaF concentration, there was a gradual reduction in morphological, biomass, and yield attributes and at the highest concentration i.e 300ppm, the growth was least. By observing the negative effects of NaF on plants, the current pot experiment concludes that Lettuce is sensitive to NaF stress. Future researchers may direct their studies to alleviate NaF stress by understanding the biochemical changes occurring in the plant during stress conditions.

Growth and yield responses of lactuca sativa l. to different concentration of sodium fluoride

The growing rate of globalization, industrialization and the resultant population growth (urbanization) have caused severe environmental problems in the world. One of these problems is soil salinity; a threat to crop production in Pakistan. Fluoride acts as an environmental pollutant, even at lower ambient fluoride concentrations, many physiological changes may begin in the plants. Some of these changes may have important consequences such as reduction in growth and yield. Therefore, the present investigation was commenced to determine the responses of Spinach plants grown under fluoride stress given. The effect of Sodium Fluoride on Spinach variety (All Green) was studied during growth season October 2019December 2019. The concentrations of fluoride as 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ppm were applied to plants as soil drench twice a week to create stressed condition. It was observed that plant height and biomass production of Spinach plant decreased under Fluoride stress while this stress was not found in control. Successive gradual reduction in yield characters was also observed with increased Sodium Fluoride concentration. After 60 days of sowing, shoot and root length of plants treated with 300ppm were 16.23cm and 7.53cm respectively, far less than those of control. By observing the deleterious effects of NaF on plants, it is concluded that how sodium fluoride present in the soil causes a marked reduction in growth and other attributes of Spinach plant.

Sodium fluoride induced changes in the growth and yield of spinacia oleracea l

Chromium (Cr) is one of the most phytotoxic elements. Its level in agricultural soil is rising alarmingly, mainly due to anthropogenic activities. Triacontanol (TRIA), a plant growth regulator, promotes a variety of metabolic processes that improve plant growth and development. Current study elucidates the metal stress attenuation potential of TRIA in Pisum sativum (pea) seedlings growing in Cr contaminated conditions. For this purpose, soil was contaminated with Cr (100 mg kg−1) by using K2Cr2O7. Three concentrations of TRIA (10, 20, and 30 μmol L−1) were used to prime P. sativum seeds, which subsequently grown in control and Cr-spiked soil. When exposed to Cr, P. sativum exhibited stunted growth, retarded photosynthetic activity, and chlorophyll pigment production. Growth suppression in Cr-treated plants was also ascribed to reduced mineral content (K+, Na+, Zn2+, and Mg2+), gas exchange characteristics, and reduced DPPH activity. Plants grown from TRIA-treated seeds exhibited increased growth, decreased loss of photosynthetic pigments, and reduced oxidative stress mediated by Cr through improving non-enzymatic antioxidants such as proline, phenolics, and carotenoids. Nevertheless, plants developed from seeds primed with 20 μmol L−1 TRIA showed enhanced growth, fresh and dry biomass, gas exchange characteristics, and improved uptake of mineral ions. According to the current study, seed priming with TRIA ameliorates Cr-toxicity and enables P. sativum cultivation in Cr-contaminated environment. TRIA1 and TRIA3 treatment also reduced Cr intake by 26.1 % and 16 % respectively in comparison to Cr- alone treatment. These results improve the understanding of the TRIA-related stress mitigation pathway in P. sativum crops. Additionally, a study about the potential of TRIA to reduce stress in other agronomic and horticultural crops will help to increase crop production. 

Role of exogenously applied triacontanol in amelioration of chromium stress in Pisum sativum by enhanced nutrition orchestration, growth and proline content

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Papers

Use of physicnut alkaloids to control root-gall nematode and to improve mucilaginous property and nutrient composition of okra

Growth and yield responses of lactuca sativa l. to different concentration of sodium fluoride

Sodium fluoride induced changes in the growth and yield of spinacia oleracea l

Role of exogenously applied triacontanol in amelioration of chromium stress in Pisum sativum by enhanced nutrition orchestration, growth and proline content