Perspective: The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)—Lessons Learned, Improvements Made, and Future Directions

There are over 1,000,000 publications on diet and health and over 480,000 references on inflammation in the National Library of Medicine database. In addition, there have now been over 30,000 peer-reviewed articles published on the relationship between diet, inflammation, and health outcomes. Based on this voluminous literature, it is now recognized that low-grade, chronic systemic inflammation is associated with most non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancers, respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders, as well as impaired neurodevelopment and adverse mental health outcomes. Dietary components modulate inflammatory status. In recent years, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), a literature-derived dietary index, was developed to characterize the inflammatory potential of habitual diet. Subsequently, a large and rapidly growing body of research investigating associations between dietary inflammatory potential, determined by the DII, and risk of a wide range of NCDs has emerged. In this narrative review, we examine the current state of the science regarding relationships between the DII and cancer, cardiometabolic, respiratory and musculoskeletal diseases, neurodevelopment, and adverse mental health outcomes. We synthesize the findings from recent studies, discuss potential underlying mechanisms, and look to the future regarding novel applications of the adult and children's DII (C-DII) scores and new avenues of investigation in this field of nutritional research.

/pdf/dietary-inflammatory-index-and-non-communicable-disease-risk-4s1vqso0vt.pdf

Dietary Inflammatory Index and Non-Communicable Disease Risk: A Narrative Review

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to describe secular trends in the average age of death in patients with schizophrenia and to compare these with the general population.


METHODS
This is a longitudinal linkage study from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 2010 using the Danish Psychiatric Research Register and the Danish Cause of Death Register. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and survival analysis.


RESULTS
The average age of death in the schizophrenia population (62.2 years; 95% CI, 61.9-62.5) was lower compared to the general population (73.4 years; 95% CI, 73.4-73.4), P<0.001. In the general population we found, for men, an average increase in the age of death of 0.28 years (95% CI, 0.27-0.28) per calendar year, and for women an increase in age of death of 0.31 years (95% CI, 0.31-0.32) per calendar year (both P<0.001). In contrast, age of death decreased in the schizophrenia population: the change in average age of death for males was 0.04 years (95% CI, -0.09 to 0.00) per calendar year (P<0.05), and the comparable estimate for females was -0.05 years (95% CI, -0.09 to 0.01) per calendar year (P<0.05). A similar pattern existed after acts of self-harm as cause of death were excluded from the analyses. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia had an increased mortality rate compared with the general population (hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% CI, 2.01-2.09).


CONCLUSIONS
On average, patients with schizophrenia die younger than the general population, independent of intentional self-harm as cause of death.

Increasing Mortality Gap for Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of an energy restriction intermittent fasting diet in metabolic biomarkers and weight management among adults with metabolic syndrome. This randomized controlled study was performed with metabolic syndrome patients, aged 18-65 years, at an academic institution in Istanbul, Turkey (n = 70). All participants were randomized to the Intermittent Energy Restriction (IER) intervention group and Continuous Energy Restriction (CER) control group. Biochemical tests including lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin Type A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood pressure, and body composition were evaluated at baseline and at the 12th week in diet interviews. Dietary intake was measured with the 24-h dietary recall method and dietary quality was evaluated with the Healthy Eating Index-2010. Changes in body weight (≈7% weight loss) and composition were similar in both groups. Blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), fasting glucose, and insulin at the 12th week decreased in both groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in metabolic syndrome biomarkers between the IER and CER groups. The energy-restricted intermittent fasting diet did not cause any deficiencies in macronutrient and fiber intake in the subjects. Healthy Eating Index (HEI) index scores were achieved similarly in both groups, and subjects' dietary intakes were close to daily reference nutritional intake values. The technique used to achieve energy restriction, whether intermittent or continuous, appears to alleviate the metabolic syndrome biomarkers activated by weight loss.

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/3213/pdf

Does the Energy Restriction Intermittent Fasting Diet Alleviate Metabolic Syndrome Biomarkers? A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to investigate whether there was any difference in eating pattern, abnormal eating behaviour, obesity and the number of food addiction symptoms according to food addiction presence. A total sample of 851 healthy subjects living in Ankara (n = 360 male, n = 491 female) aged 19-65 years were included in this cross-sectional survey. Data on demographic information, 24-hour dietary recalls, Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), and anthropometric measurements were collected through face-to-face interviews. Overall, 11.4% of participants were identified as "food addicted" (F: 13.0%; M: 9.2%). Subjects meeting criteria for 'food addiction' had higher body mass index (35.1% were obese and 3.1% were underweight), compared to subjects without food addiction (13.1% were obese and 10.2% were underweight) (p<0.05). Abnormal eating attitudes estimated with EAT-26 were determined as 45.5% in males, 37.5% in females and 40.2% in total, among subjects with food addiction. Daily energy, protein and fat intakes were significantly higher in food addicted females, compared to non-addicted females (p<0.05). Participants with food addiction reported significantly more problems with foods, which contain high amounts of fat and sugar, compared to the participants without food addiction. Food addiction behaviour should be considered as a part of efforts towards reducing food related problems involving obesity.

/pdf/how-does-food-addiction-influence-dietary-intake-profile-1f5tx10a6w.pdf

How does food addiction influence dietary intake profile

Aim: The objective of this paper is to present a baseline data on the national prevalence and distribution of overweight and obesity in adults, derived from the results of Turkey National Nutrition and Health Survey (TNHS)-2010. Methods: Prevalence data for adults (9820 adults, aged 19–65 years) were the customised data from the nationally representative National Nutrition and Health Survey (2010). Body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured and body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio were calculated. BMI (weight-kg/height-m2), waist circumference (cm) and waist to hip ratio were classified and evaluated according to WHO criteria and recommendations. Results:  Mean BMI for all age groups were 26.4±4.5 kg /m2 in men and 28.9±6.4 kg/m2 in women. Overall, prevalence of overweight and obese adults were 34.6% (39.1% in men, 29.7% in women) and 30.3% (20.5% in men, 41.0% in women) respectively.  While the adults aged 51–64 years old were more likely to be obese (30.7% in men and 64.4% in women), adults aged 65 years and over were found to be more overweight (46.0% in men and 30.4% in women). High waist circumference and high waist-to-hip ratio were identified as 24.8% and 54.2% in men, as 53.9% and 40.4% in women, respectively. Conclusions: Obesity and overweight are major public health problems in Turkey. Preventive public measures have started to be implemented by the Turkish government and other bodies to control the increasing trends in obesity.

Population based study of obesity in Turkey: results of the Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey (TNHS)-2010

Polygonaceae familyasında yer alan R. acetosella, çok yıllık otsu bir bitkidir ve Türkiye’de halk arasında sebze olarak tüketilmektedir. Bu çalışmada R. acetosella toprak üst kısımlarının etanol, su ve metanol ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal (Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus bakterileri ve Candida albicansmaya-mantarına karşı), antiradikal (DPPH, ABTS ve OH radikallerine karşı), antikanser (insan prostat kanseri (PC-3), insan kolon kanseri (HCT-116), insan yumurtalık kanseri (A2780) ve insan göğüs kanseri (MCF-7) hücre serilerine karşı) ve fitokimyasal özellikleri (yağda çözünen vitaminler, yağ asitleri, flavonoitler, fitosteroller, fenolik asitler, toplam fenolik bileşik, toplam flavonoit ve toplam proantosiyanidinler) incelenmiştir. Sonuçlarımıza göre R. acetosella ekstraktlarının ABTS, DPPH ve OH radikali yok etme testlerinde BHT’den daha yüksek aktiviteye sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu bitkinin yüksek antimikrobiyal aktiviteye ve fitokimyasal içeriğe sahip olduğu, PC-3 insan prostat kanseri hücrelerine karşı etkili antikanser aktivite gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Aynı zamanda sunulan çalışma, R. acetosella ekstraktlarının in vitro antikanser aktivitesi ile ilgili ilk çalışma olma özelliği taşımaktadır.

/pdf/rumex-acetosella-l-kuzukulagi-nin-in-vitro-antiradikal-1aogr41j.pdf

Rumex acetosella L. (Kuzukulağı)’nın In vitro Antiradikal, Antimikrobiyal, Antikanser ve Fitokimyasal Özellikleri

Giris: Beslenme riski prevelansi cesitli faktorlerden etkilenir. Bu calismanin amaci hastanede yatarak tedavi goren populasyonda beslenme riskinin saptanmasidir. Yontem: Hacettepe Universitesi Eriskin Hastanesinde Mayis 2013’de serviste bulunan 84 hastada Nutrisyonel Risk Tarama Araci (NRS-2002) ile malnutrisyon riski taranmistir. Bulgular: Calismaya katilan bireylerin 33’u erkek, 51’i kadindir. Hastalarin, ortalama yasi 57.5±16.20 yil, vucut agirligi 74.6±17.92 kg,  beden kutle indeksi 27.9±14.71 kg/m 2 ’dir. Hastalarin malnutrisyon riski degerlendirildiginde; %66.7 (n=56)’sinin malnutrisyon riski altinda olmadigi, %33.4 (n=28) ’unun malnutrisyon riski altinda oldugu gorulmustur. Sonuc: Bu calismaya gore, hastane malnutrisyonun gelisiminde hastalarin yatis suresi ve BKI’lerinin onemli unsurlar oldugu saptanmistir. Hastalarin beslenme durumlarinin risk skorlariyla saptanmasi, tibbi beslenme planlarinin cizilmesi, malnutrisyona zamaninda mudahale acisindan buyuk onem tasimaktadir. Ayrica hastane malnutrisyonunun takibi ve onlenmesi ile ilgili kilavuzlar gelistirilmeli ve uygulamaya konmalidir. Boylece hastanede yatan hastalarin malnutrisyon riski azaltilarak hem hastaligin seyri hafifletilmis hem de diger hastaliklara yatkinligi azaltilmis olacaktir. Anahtar Sozcukler: Beslenme riski, malnutrisyon, hastanede kalis suresi, NRS 2002, BKI, tarama

Hastanede Yatan Hastaların Malnütrisyon Durumlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Eating behaviors of university students under examination stress: differences between stress eaters, stress under-eaters and stress stable-eaters

SUN-P191: Does Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Affect Anthropometric Measurements in University Students?

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

I. Türkoğlu

Author Tools

Chat about Author