The history of plant virology dates to the late 19th century, when Iwanowski and Beijerinck, who were investigating the cause of a mysterious disease of tobacco, independently described an unusual agent that caused tobacco mosaic disease. This agent was later named Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) [1]. During this period, viruses including Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY) and Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) were described. These viruses could be distinguished based on their transmission and method of disease induction. In addition, numerous techni‐ ques for the study of viruses were developed.

/pdf/viral-counter-defense-x-antiviral-immunity-in-plants-17e2sxqa2h.pdf

Viral Counter Defense X Antiviral Immunity in Plants: Mechanisms for Survival

The Geminiviruses genome is a small, single strand DNA that replicates in the plant cell nucleus. Analogous to animal DNA viruses, Geminiviruses depend on the host replication machinery to amplify their genomes and only supply the factors required to initiate their replication. Consequently, Geminiviruses remove the cell-cycle arrest and induce the host replication machinery using an endocycle process. They encode proteins, such as the conserved replication-associated proteins (Rep) that interact with retinoblastoma-like proteins in plants and alter the cell division cycle in yeasts. Therefore, the aim of this work is to analyze the impact of Pepper Golden Mosaic Virus (PepGMV) Rep protein in mammalian cells. Results indicate that the pTracer-SV40:Rep construction obtained in this work can be used to analyze the Rep protein effect in mammalian cells in order to compare the cell cycle regulation mechanisms in plants and animals.

/pdf/pepgmv-rep-protein-expression-in-mammalian-cells-4xkn2bt4dg.pdf

PepGMV Rep-Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells

Geminiviruses are a large family of plant viruses whose genome is composed of one or two circular and single strand of DNA. They replicate in the cell nucleus being Rep protein, the only viral protein necessary for their replication process. Geminiviruses as same as animal DNA oncoviruses, like SV40, adenovirus and papillomavirus, use the host replication machinery to replicate their DNA. Consequently, they alter host cell cycle regulation to create a suitable environment for their replication. One of the events involved in this alteration would be the inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) that negatively regulates the G1/S transition in cells. The discovery of one homologue of the pRb in plants and the finding that Rep protein of some geminiviruses interacts with human retinoblastoma protein, as well as animal virus oncoproteins, is very interesting. This finding laid the groundwork for subsequent detection of analogies between geminiviruses and animal DNA tumor viruses, especially in their interaction with pRb. Moreover, the finding allowed the determination of how this interaction affects the regulation of the cell cycle in plants and animals. Accumulated knowledge generates new interesting questions and possible implications, and so, in this document, we dare to watch in that direction. Key words : Geminivirus, oncovirus, retinoblastoma protein, cell cycle regulation, endoreduplication.

/pdf/analogies-between-geminivirus-and-oncovirus-cell-cycle-3f3kw5ld7x.pdf

Analogies between geminivirus and oncovirus: Cell cycle regulation

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Analogies between geminivirus and oncovirus: Cell cycle regulation