The evolution of the Apennine wedge has seen the time-space migration of the forebulge, foredeep, thrust wedge, and back-arc extension phases in the wake of the Eastward rollback of the subducting Adria slab. In this framework, thrusting and post-orogenic extensional faulting have occurred in two parallel forelandward-migrating ribbons, with extensional deformation overprinting or partly exploiting anisotropies of the inherited thrust system. Here, we explore the tectonic framework and the timing of thrusting and subsequent negative inversion of the Circeo thrust, one of the major thrusts in the inner portion of the central Apennines, with the main aim to constrain the timing and mode of the compression to extension switch. Structural analysis, carbonate C and O and clumped isotopes analysis, X-ray diffraction of clay minerals, and U-Pb dating of calcite slickenfibers have been integrated with seismic interpretation, cross-section balancing, and 1D burial and thermal modeling. We show that the Circeo thrust developed during Langhian-Serravallian time. Its extensional reactivation is dated at the Serravallian, during the stacking of an underlying thrust slice, before the onset of Pliocene back-arc extension in the area. Combination of our data with the age of thrusts, extensional basins, and base of the foredeep infill of the central Apennines, demonstrates that forelandward migration of the foredeep-thrust system occurred at variable velocities. Accelerations and decelerations are synchronous, respectively, with the opening of the Liguro-Provençal and Tyrrhenian back-arc basins and with the interluding quiescent period. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. 

Timing, thrusting mode, and negative inversion along the Circeo thrust, Apennines, Italy: How the accretion‐to‐extension transition operated during slab rollback

Upper lithospheric transfer zones driving the non-cylindricity of the West-Pyrenean orogenic prism (Mauléon hyperextended basin)

4D reconstruction of the Doldenhorn nappe-basement system in the Aar massif: Insights into late-stage continent-continent collision in the Swiss Alps

Post-orogenic back-arc magmatism is accompanied by hydrothermal ore deposits and mineralizations derived from mantle and crustal sources. We investigate Zannone Island, back-arc Tyrrhenian basin, Italy, to define the source(s) of mineralizing hydrothermal fluids and their relationships with the regional petrological-tectonic setting. On Zannone Island, early Miocene thrusting was overprinted by late Miocene post-orogenic extension and related hydrothermal alteration. Since active submarine hydrothermal outflow is reported close to the island, Zannone provides an ideal site to determine the P-T-X evolution of the hydrothermal system. We combined field work with microstructural analyses on syn-tectonic quartz veins and carbonate mineralizations, X-ray diffraction analysis, microthermometry and element mapping of fluid inclusions, C, O, and clumped isotopes, and analyses of noble gases (He-Ne-Ar) and CO2 content in fluid inclusions. Our results document the evolution of a fluid system of magmatic origin with increasing mixing of meteoric fluids. Magmatic fluids were responsible for quartz veins precipitation at ∼125-150 MPa and ∼300-350 °C. With the onset of extensional faulting, magmatic fluids progressively interacted with carbonate rocks and mixed with meteoric fluids, leading to (i) host rock alteration with associated carbonate and minor ore mineral precipitation, (ii) progressive fluid neutralization, (iii) cooling of the hydrothermal system (from ∼320 °C to ∼86 °C), and (iv) embrittlement and fracturing of the host rocks. Both quartz and carbonate mineralizations show noble gases values lower than those from the adjacent active volcanic areas and submarine hydrothermal systems, indicating that the fossil-to-active hydrothermal history is associated with the emplacement of multiple magmatic intrusions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. 

From Fossil to Active Hydrothermal Outflow in the Back‐Arc of the Central Apennines (Zannone Island, Italy)

Post‐orogenic back‐arc magmatism is accompanied by hydrothermal ore deposits and mineralizations derived from mantle and crustal sources. We investigate Zannone Island (ZI), back‐arc Tyrrhenian basin, Italy, to define the source(s) of mineralizing hydrothermal fluids and their relationships with the regional petrological‐tectonic setting. On ZI, early Miocene thrusting was overprinted by late Miocene post‐orogenic extension and related hydrothermal alteration. Since active submarine hydrothermal outflow is reported close to the island, Zannone provides an ideal site to determine the P‐T‐X evolution of the long‐lived hydrothermal system. We combined field work with microstructural analyses on syn‐tectonic quartz veins and carbonate mineralizations, X‐ray diffraction analysis, microthermometry and element mapping of fluid inclusions (FIs), C, O, and clumped isotopes, and analyses of noble gases (He‐Ne‐Ar) and CO2 content in FIs. Our results document the evolution of a fluid system of magmatic origin with increasing mixing of meteoric fluids. Magmatic fluids were responsible for quartz veins precipitation at ∼125 to 150 MPa and ∼300°C–350°C. With the onset of extensional faulting, magmatic fluids progressively interacted with carbonate rocks and mixed with meteoric fluids, leading to (a) host rock alteration with associated carbonate and minor ore mineral precipitation, (b) progressive fluid neutralization, (c) cooling of the hydrothermal system (from ∼320°C to ∼86°C), and (d) embrittlement and fracturing of the host rocks. Both quartz and carbonate mineralizations show noble gases values lower than those from the adjacent active volcanic areas and submarine hydrothermal systems, indicating that the fossil‐to‐active hydrothermal history is associated with the emplacement of multiple magmatic intrusions.

Segmentation of the Apenninic Margin of the Tyrrhenian Back-Arc Basin Forced by the Subduction of an Inherited Transform System

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Segmentation of the Apenninic Margin of the Tyrrhenian Back-Arc Basin Forced by the Subduction of an Inherited Transform System