Publisher Summary The intensities of intraconfigurational f–f transitions are reviewed in the chapter The chapter presents the transition mechanisms for lanthanide ions—namely, the magnetic dipole transition, the induced electric dipole transition, and the electric quadrupole transition It discusses the way experimental intensities can be determined from the spectra The chapter also focuses on the expression of the dipole strength and the oscillator strength in oriented and in randomly-oriented systems Correction factors for lanthanide ions in a dielectric medium are described in the chapter Although only a few magnetic dipole transitions exist for the trivalent lanthanide ions, magnetic dipole transitions are of interest, because their intensities are in a first approximation independent of the ligand environment and can, thus, be used as intensity standards The intensity of a magnetic dipole transition can be calculated exactly, provided that suitable wavefunctions are available These wavefunctions can be obtained from diagonalization of the energy matrix

Chapter 167 Spectral intensities of f-f transitions

After a brief examination of known insulating laser crystals and the stimulated emission channels of their generating activator ions, this article reviews recent advances in the development of novel lasing crystals and ceramics, as well as inorganic and organic nonlinear-laser crystals for χ(3) and cascaded χ(3) ↔ χ(2) frequency converters Several new modern attractive technologies in the physics and techniques of crystalline lasers are also discussed

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lpor.200710008

Laser crystals and ceramics: recent advances

The rise of semiconductor‐based pump sources such as InxGa1‐xN‐laser diodes or frequency‐doubled optically pumped semiconductor lasers with emission wavelengths in the blue encourages a revisitation of the rare‐earth ions Pr3+, Sm3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+ and Er3+ with respect to their properties as active ions in crystalline solid‐state laser materials with direct emission in the visible spectral range. Nowadays, some of these blue‐pumped visible lasers compete with Nd3+‐lasers in terms of efficiency and direct lasing at various colors from the cyan‐blue to the deep red can be addressed in very simple and compact laser setups. This paper highlights the spectroscopic properties of suitable rare‐earth ions for visible lasing and reviews the latest progress in the field of blue‐pumped visible rare‐earth doped solid‐state lasers.

Out of the blue: semiconductor laser pumped visible rare-earth doped lasers

Free electron laser in Poland ? POLFEL is a coherent light source of the IV th generation, characterized by very short pulses in the range of 10-100fs, of big power 0,2GW and UV wavelength of 27nm of average power 1W, with effective high power third harmonic of 9nm. The laser consists of a linear superconducting accelerator 100m in length, undulator and experimental lines. It generates a monochromatic and coherent radiation and can be tuned from THz range to UV. The linac works in quasi-CW or real-CW mode. It is planned by XFEL-Poland consortium as a part of the ESFRI priority EuroFEL infrastructure collaboration network, part of the ERA

/pdf/polfel-free-electron-laser-in-poland-13km0no156.pdf

POLFEL - Free Electron Laser in Poland

Photoluminescence and energy transfer studies of Dy3+-doped fluorophosphate glasses

http://przyrbwn.icm.edu.pl/APP/PDF/90/a090z1p18.pdf

Spectroscopic and Laser Properties of LiNbO_{3}:Dy^{3+} Crystals

Spectroscopic and laser properties of SrLaGa3O7:Pr3+ crystals

Single crystals of lithium niobate doped with 0.03 and 0.1 at.% of Cu or Fe ions were grown by the Czochralski technique. Optical absorption spectra in visible and infrared regions before and after • irradiation with doses up to 10 5 Gy were measured and positions of both dopants in LiNbO 3 lattice were analyzed according to changes in optical absorption in the range of OH group absorption. Some properties of crystals doped with Cu during the growth processes were compared to those for specimens doped by thermodiffusion. It was observed that doping with Cu results in an increase of crystal resistance to radiation.

http://www.skaczmarek.ps.pl/130-Growth-CRT-99.pdf

Growth and Characterization of LiNbO3 Single Crystals Doped with Cu and Fe Ions

Optical transitions of Ho3+ in SrLaGa3O7

Spectroscopy of Dy3+-doped SrLaGa3O7 crystals

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