In this paper, we present a study on the surface modification of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) polymer by plasma treatment. The samples were treated by nitrogen and oxygen plasma for different time periods between 3 and 90 s. The plasma was created by a radio frequency (RF) generator. The gas pressure was fixed at 75 Pa and the discharge power was set to 200 W. The samples were treated in the glow region, where the electrons temperature was about 4 eV, the positive ions density was about 2 × 1015 m−3, and the neutral atom density was about 4 × 1021 m−3 for oxygen and 1 × 1021 m−3 for nitrogen. The changes in surface morphology were observed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface wettability was determined by water contact angle measurements while the chemical composition of the surface was analyzed using XPS. The stability of functional groups on the polymer surface treated with plasma was monitored by XPS and wettability measurements in different time intervals. The oxygen-plasma-treated samples showed much more pronounced changes in the surface topography compared to those treated by nitrogen plasma. The contact angle of a water drop decreased from 75° for the untreated sample to 20° for oxygen and 25° for nitrogen-plasma-treated samples for 3 s. It kept decreasing with treatment time for both plasmas and reached about 10° for nitrogen plasma after 1 min of plasma treatment. For oxygen plasma, however, the contact angle kept decreasing even after a minute of plasma treatment and eventually fell below a few degrees. We found that the water contact angle increased linearly with the O/C ratio or N/C ratio in the case of oxygen or nitrogen plasma, respectively. Ageing effects of the plasma-treated surface were more pronounced in the first 3 days; however, the surface hydrophilicity was rather stable later. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Surface modification of polyester by oxygen- and nitrogen-plasma treatment

A process for the rapid synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles at low temperatures and methods which facilitate the fabrication of long metal oxide nanowires. The method is based on treatment of metals with oxygen plasma. Using oxygen plasma at low temperatures allows for rapid growth unlike other synthesis methods where nanomaterials take a long time to grow. Density of neutral oxygen atoms in plasma is a controlling factor for the yield of nanowires. The oxygen atom density window differs for different materials. By selecting the optimal oxygen atom density for various materials the yield can be maximized for nanowire synthesis of the metal.

Method for the rapid synthesis of large quantities of metal oxide nanowires at low temperatures

Influence of oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatment on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymers

XPS study of oxygen plasma activated PET

The possibility of initial stage control of the elemental composition and core/shell structure of binary SiC quantum dots by optimizing temporal variation of Si and C incoming fluxes and surface temperatures is shown via hybrid numerical simulations. Higher temperatures and influxes encourage the formation of a stoichiometric outer shell over a small carbon-enriched core, whereas lower temperatures result in a larger carbon-enriched core, Si-enriched undershell, and then a stoichiometric SiC outer shell. This approach is generic and is applicable to a broad range of semiconductor materials and nanofabrication techniques.

Control of core-shell structure and elemental composition of binary quantum dots

Construction and operation of a novel fiber optic catalytic probe is presented. The probe is intended for measurements of atomic oxygen density in plasma postglows. The operation of the probe is based on a catalytic recombination of oxygen atoms and remote temperature sensing via optical fiber. Compared to the classical catalytic probes, the new approach results in smaller dimensions, better sensitivity, and higher immunity to the electromagnetic interference. Comparative measurements of atomic oxygen density performed simultaneously with both types of probes demonstrated a superior performance of the novel probes.

Fiber optic catalytic probe for weakly ionized oxygen plasma characterization

We determined the density of neutral nitrogen atoms in an Ar–N2 postglow using a fiber-optics catalytic probe. The probe, which had a catalyst made of nitrided iron, was calibrated with a NO titration. The recombination coefficient for the heterogeneous recombination of N atoms on the nitrided iron surface was determined by comparing the probe signal with the NO titration. Within the limits of experimental error the coefficient was found to be independent of the catalyst temperature between 400 and 650K and had a value of 0.21±0.04. Real-time measurements of the N-atom density were performed at a nitrogen flow of 600SCCM (standard cubic centimeter per minute) for several discharge powers between 80 and 300W, and for argon flow rates between 200 and 3000SCCM. With increasing discharge power the N-atom density increased monotonously; with increasing Ar flow the N-atom density at first increased, reaching a broad maximum at about 1.8×1021m−3 for an Ar flow of 2000SCCM, after which the N-atom density decrease...

A diagnostic method for real-time measurements of the density of nitrogen atoms in the postglow of an Ar–N2 discharge using a catalytic probe

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Fiber optic catalytic probe for weakly ionized oxygen plasma characterization

A diagnostic method for real-time measurements of the density of nitrogen atoms in the postglow of an Ar–N2 discharge using a catalytic probe