Abstract Micronutrients such as Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn are required metals for plant crops to increase their yield and quality. Metals are included in numerous biochemical reactions as enzymes, co-enzymes, and co-factors. Copper, zinc, and manganese are essential for the development and growth of animal as pigs and broiler chicks. Amino acids are of significant importance and are used in many applications, fields, and industries such as food, animal feed, supplement, pharmaceutical production, and as biofertilizers. Fertilizers of inorganic mineral structure are hardly diffused from the leaf surface into the plant, while chelated minerals with amino acids provide a great advantage in increasing the absorption efficiency and translocation of minerals within the plant. Also, it was known that derivatives of free or chelated amino acids have marked antioxidant activity and are able to inhibit the development of tumor tissues and leading to increase immune protective abilities of the organisms. Nanotechnology increased the application efficiency of metal-amino acid complexes. Using nano fertilizers to plants is one of critical importance due to their unique properties in size and increased surface areas. It released the nutrients on demand and regulates plant growth (such as wheat, rice, barley, and rapeseed plants). Metal chelating complexes have found extensive applications in various fields of human interest. Chelators are used in medical applications; water softeners are included as ingredients in many commercial products such as shampoos and food preservatives and control heavy metal pollution in aquacultures. Amino acids may be used separately in chelation process as free amino acids or can be separated from plant or animal wastes. It can be separated by hydrolysis of plant or agricultural crop wastes as thrones of tomato and sugar beet plants. Also, it can be separated from animal origin as leather wastes and chicken feather waste or from whey of cow milk after mozzarella cheese formation. So, amino acid production from wastes decreases the cost of metal-chelated complex formation. 

/pdf/chelated-amino-acids-biomass-sources-preparation-properties-3r4d9qyq.pdf

Chelated amino acids: biomass sources, preparation, properties, and biological activities

A refreshing perspective on electrochromic materials: phenoxazine as an opportune moiety towards stable and efficient electrochromic polyimides

• Synthesis of electrochromic (EC) triphenylamine-based polyamides. • Ortho substituted methyl groups on triphenylamine integrate high EC parameters. • The nature of the diacid segment influence the EC main parameters. • DFT calculation on oxidized polyamides validated the experimental observations. A novel triphenylamine (TPA)-based diamine integrating structural elements to endow highly stable redox and electrochromic features was successfully synthesized and structurally characterized. Three new TPA-containing polyamides were obtained via polycondensation of this diamine with acid dichlorides, as confirmed by thorough NMR and FT–IR investigations. The main electronic transitions and specific oxidation sites were evaluated by photo-optical and (time-dependent) density functional theory ((TD) –DFT) analysis, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical investigations were used to assess the redox stability and to comprehend the electrochromic conduct in terms of electrochromic contrast, response time, and switching stability. Thus, the synthesized polyamides integrated high transmittance variation up to 67%, response time to coloring and blanching down to 6.52 s/2.01 s, a maximum of 219 cm 2 /C of the electrochromic efficiency (EC) and a decay up to 5% after 500 cycles. All these electrochromic parameters and their variation are contingent to the electronic effect of each diacid segment from the polymers. Also, the presence of the ortho -catenated methyl groups lowered the overall oxidation potentials and therefore triggered long-term stability. Computational evaluations were used to endorse practical assessments. All experimental and theoretical observations were subjected to interconnected reasoning to determine the correlations between structural motifs and resulting electrochromic performances. 

Tuning the main electrochromic features by polymer backbone variation of triphenylamine-based polyamides

Insights into the deposition of nanostructured nickel oxides by amino acid chelated Complexes: Benefits of mixed side chains in the formation of nanostructures for Energy-efficient Electrochromic windows

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Insights into the deposition of nanostructured nickel oxides by amino acid chelated Complexes: Benefits of mixed side chains in the formation of nanostructures for Energy-efficient Electrochromic windows