Numerical Simulation of Pool Boiling: A Review

In this paper an overview of the boiling process, including recent advances made toward a mechanistic understanding of nucleate and transition boiling, is presented. Out of necessity, the review does not include boiling on enhanced surfaces or boiling of mixtures. Discussion of film boiling is also not included, as it is the subject of another review article. Only pool and external flow boiling of ordinary liquids are discussed. A few comments are made with respect to the theoretical and experimental studies that should be made in the future to further our understanding of the boiling process.

Nucleate and transition boiling heat transfer under pool and external flow conditions

The influence of chemical composition on vaporisation of LNG and LPG on unconfined water surfaces

Fuel sheath temperatures in water-cooled nuclear reactors are usually near the saturation temperature of water. However, during an accidental increase in power, or a decrease in flow and pressure, deterioration in heat transfer is possible. It occurs when the surface temperature increases to such a high level that the heated surface can no longer support continuous liquid contact. This phenomenon is usually referred to as the boiling crisis (or dryout) and the corresponding heat flux as the critical heat flux (or CHF). The boiling crisis is characterized by either a sudden rise in surface temperature, caused by the heated surface being covered by a stable vapor film (film boiling), or by small surface temperature spikes, corresponding to the appearance and disappearance of dry patches (transition boiling).

A Comprehensive Examination of Heat Transfer Correlations Suitable for Reactor Safety Analysis

Publisher Summary Heat exchange processes, accompanied by film boiling, are widespread in such fields of technology as metallurgy, during thermal treatment of metals; radioelectronics, in temperature control of electronic equipment, and power production. Processes of heat and mass transfer for film boiling in channels, especially, for turbulent flow arc extremely complicated. The studies performed permit an understanding of the main features of these processes. In some special cases, these studies provide experimental data and techniques needed for the quantitative calculations of heat transfer and hydraulic losses. A complex of experimental studies of the structure and mechanism of two-phase flows for film boiling in channels is needed in order to develop further theoretical studies. A mathematical model consisting of a system of one-dimensional equations for each of the phases seems to be the most promising one for calculating heat transfer and hydrodynamic losses for film boiling in channels. In order to obtain a complete mathematical model, it is necessary to find from the experimental data (and in some cases, analytically) relations for the coefficients included in the model. To obtain these relations for all the modes of film boiling in channels and for conditions of mode changeover is one of the main tasks of further studies. Further experimental studies depend for their success on the methods of measuring temperature fields, velocity fields, quality, and interface configurations.

Film-Boiling Heat Transfer

Transition boiling is one of the least investigated domains of heat transfer. This is due both to the complexity of the process and to the fact that in most studies the boiling curve is investigated at fixed heat flux. Present progress in cryogenic technology and increased demands on the precision in calculations of the quenching regime have revived an interest in transition boiling. The purpose of this presentation is to summarize all experimental data known to the authors on heat transfer in the transition boiling mode and to develop a model to predict transition boiling.

Heat Transfer in Transition Boiling of Cryogenic Liquids

Investigation of the crisis of film boiling in channels.

Investigation of film boiling in tubes with subcooled nitrogen flow

An experimental study of heat transfer during the film boiling of subcooled liquid nitrogen in pipes with the Reynolds number Re=80,000-1,500,000 andψ=0.20–0.95 is reported.

Heat transfer during film boiling of a subcooled liquid under conditions of forced flow through channels

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