https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1368&context=sees_articles

Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase is the target of peptide nucleotide antibiotic Microcin C.

Multiple domain proteins

The technology relates in part to biological methods for producing adipic acid and engineered microorganisms capable of such production.

Biological methods for preparing adipic acid

Protein synthesis in cell-free systems is an emerging technology already competing with in vivo expression methods. In this chapter the basic principles of continuous-exchange protein synthesizing systems, and protocols for Escherichia coli and wheat germ translation and transcription-translation systems are described. The ways to improve substrate supply in cell-free systems and mRNA design for eukaryotic system are discussed. Correct folding of the synthesized protein is demonstrated and discussed in detail.

Continuous-Exchange Protein-Synthesizing Systems

Provided herein are genetically modified microorganisms that have enhanced fermentation activity, and methods for making and using such microorganisms.

Engineered microorganisms with enhanced fermentation activity

The 61 nt 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of mRNA encoding for a light-emitting protein of hydroid polyp Obelia longissima, obelin, is shown to provide a high level of cap-independent translation of heterologous mRNAs in cell-free translation systems based on wheat germ extracts. The inhibition of translation typically observed when excess mRNA is present or produced in a eukaryotic system (the so-called self-inhibition phenomenon) is found abated with mRNA constructs carrying the obelin mRNA leader. The role of the sequestration of a limiting initiation factor, probably eIF4F, in the self-inhibition phenomenon and the possible independence of the obelin mRNA leader from eIF4F are discussed. We propose the obelin mRNA leader be used for effective cap-independent translation in eukaryotic cell-free systems, including combined transcription-translation systems with uncontrolled phage polymerase-catalyzed accumulation of mRNA. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effective non-viral leader for cap-independent translation in a eukaryotic cell-free system

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Effective non-viral leader for cap-independent translation in a eukaryotic cell-free system