Effects of soil tillage.

The analysis of literary sources showed that interest in chickpeas is increasing, sown areas under this crop are expanding, and technological features for chickpea cultivation are changing.\nThe yield of chickpea seeds to a large extent depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, fertilizers, compliance with the timing and methods of sowing, inoculation of seeds and the like. Much attention should be paid to the system of protection of chickpea agrocenoses from harmful organisms. Weak competition of chickpea plants with weeds is primarily due to the peculiarity of the development of this culture in the early stages, when there is an intensive development of the root system and slow - the aboveground part. In these early stages of their development, chickpea plants are not yet able to fully compete with weeds. The latter, on the contrary, are serious competitors, as they actively use nutrients, moisture and shade plants.\nHigh selectivity and herbicidal activity in chickpea crops were shown by soil preparations: Stomp, 33% k.e. (4.0 l / ha); Harness, 90% (1.5–3.0 l / ha); Optima frontier (0.8– 1.0 l / ha). Weed reduction was 85–90% and yield increase was 0.71–0.82 t / ha. Of the post-emergence herbicides in chickpea crops in conditions of mixed weed type, it was advisable to use Pulsar (0.5-0.9 l / ha) and Pivot (0.5-0.8 l / ha). Weed loss was 81.0–82.0% and yield increase was 0.72–0.76 t / ha. When using different herbicides, the yield of chickpea grain was in the range from 1.26 to 1.44 t / ha.\nThe presence of chickpeas in crops leads to severe inhibition, especially in the initial stages of vegetation. The most effective and economically feasible at present is the use of a tank mixture of herbicides Harnes + Gezagard 500 FM (2.0 l/ha + 3.0-4.0 l/ha) which makes it possible to control a wide range of weeds and extend the duration of the protective shield preparations.\nChickpea seeds ripen fairly evenly throughout the plant, the beans do not crack or crumble, the plants do not lie down, so when harvested by direct combining there are no problems. The growing season in chickpeas lasts 80-120 days, depending on the variety and growing conditions, so it is harvested in late July or early August after harvesting cereals. The yield of chickpea seeds varies in the range 1.4–2.7 t/ha, and with proper technology and climatic conditions it can be 2.5–3.5 t/ha.\nKey words: chickpeas, agrocenosis, technology, mineral fertilizers, weeds, herbicides, biological products, productivity.

/pdf/ways-to-increase-yield-of-chickpeas-4brupaiift.pdf

Ways to increase yield of chickpeas

To neutralize negative factors (excessive technogenic load, deterioration of water, nutrient regime, and humus state of the soil) and improve the nutritional system of sunflower plants, it is necessary to use more widely mineral, organic, and micronutrient fertilizers, plant growth regulators. Thanks to the regulatory mechanisms of biological products, the development of the leaf surface are enhanced, the main functions are essential for the life of sunflower plants, and they are activated by: membrane processes, cell division, respiration and nutrition, the activity of enzyme systems, photosynthesis, a branched root system with enhanced absorbing capacity is created at the growth period. The main goal of this work was to study the influence of the growth of regulatory substances, different in the direction of action, on the morphogenesis, growth, and development, and productivity of sunflower plants of different ripeness groups in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Moreover, the determination of the most rational stimulants of the growth of sunflower plants, which ensure the resistance of plants to diseases and adverse environmental factors, optimal growth and development of plants, and contribute to obtaining high and sustainable yields of oilseed crops. The laying and carrying out of field experiments was carried out following the generally accepted methodology of experimental work. The experimental part of the work was performed during 2018–2020 on the scientific and research field of the National Scientific and Research Center of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University in the stationary experiment of the Plant Science Department in five-crop rotation pure steam – winter wheat – corn – barley – sunflower to study the effectiveness of modern elements in technologies for growing cereals, legumes, and oilseeds. Scientific studies have established that the formation of the maximum leaf surface area of sunflower was observed using the growth stimulant Tseron (0.5 L/ha) to 70.9–78.1 thousand m/ha, or 5.5–10.2% more for control. Here, sunflower plants formed the largest diameter of the basket – 23–26 cm (11.5–30.4% more than the control), and the maximum number of seeds in 829–951 pcs. The highest weight of 1000 seeds was characteristic of the medium-early hybrid Sumico HTS – 54.0–60.0 g, and the lowest for the medium-late Subaro HTS – 51–55 g, due to the biological characteristics of the hybrids. Plant growth stimulants on sunflower contributed to an increase in crop yields 1.01–1.7 times. The most significant increase in grain for all hybrids was provided by the agent Tseron (0.5 L/ha) – 0.16–0.75 t/ha, or 8.2–43.3%. The application of restricted drugs Tseron (0.5 L/ha) and Architect (0.5 L/ha) contributed to the growth of oil content by 3–8 and 4–6 percentage points.

The influence of biological products on the growth and development of sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) in the northern steppe of Ukraine

The article covers the results of research on the management of elements of technology and the influence of factors on the productivity of sunflower. The field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of IAS NAAS Kirovohrad region. The level of sunflower productivity is determined by the conditions of water and nutrient regimes of soil. According to the results of research it was established that at the time of sowing reserves of available moisture in 0–100 cm of the soil layer were the largest during the first sowing period and amounted to 178.6 mm. Such moisture reserves create favorable conditions for moistening the seed layer of soil to obtain friendly and full seedlings when sowing in the first – second decade of April. The use of moisture by sowing sunflowers can be regulated by sowing dates to some extent. Shifting sowing dates to earlier ones makes it possible to change the conditions of growth and development of sunflower plants, namely, the plants are better provided with moisture, and it is possible to avoid critical temperature periods of plant development. The high reserves of productive moisture for plants in 0–100 cm soil layer, in crops of Forward, LG 56.32, LG 54.85, LG 55.82 hybrids were for plant density of 60 thousand per hectare, at the first sowing period – in the flowering phase they were 127 mm. The content of nutrients the soil changed both over the years and under the influence of different fertilizer backgrounds. Application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers in the dose of N40P40K40 and N40P40K40 + by-products of the predecessor allows to increase the content of nutrients available to plants in soil and to increase soil fertility. Due to economic indicators, the optimal time of sunflower sowing for hybrids LG 55.82 and LG 54.85 is warming soil at the depth of seed wrapping up to 5–6 °C, for hybrids Forward and LG 56.32 is warming soil at the depth of seed wrapping up to 9–10 °C, optimal density – 60 thousand/ha. In such conditions, the LG 55.82 hybrid formed the highest yield – 3.85 t/ha, LG 54.85 hybrid – 3.64 t/ha, Forward – 3.09 t/ha, LG 56.32 hybrid – 3.62 t/ha.
Key words: sunflower, soil nutrient regime, water regime of soil, yield, profitability, net profit.

Productivity and economic efficiency of growing sunflower depending on the sowing time and plant density in the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine

Due to the violation of the technology of sunflower growing in Ukraine and the disbalance of scientifically grounded crop rotation, or their complete absence, with the expansion of sunflower seeds in the structure of crops to 40% and more, and the simplification of the system of basic cultivation of arable land, accompanied by a sharp increase in perturbation of crops by autotrophic and parasitic weeds. To determine the impact of agrotechnical measures, saturation of sunflower seeds, soil tillage systems, and fertilization on the number and species composition of various agrobiological groups of weeds in sunflower crops, including Orobahche cumana Walls. To reduce the herbicide (chemical) loading in agrophytocoenoses of oilseed crops, and ecologization of protection from weeds it was supposed to reveal optimal and environmentally friendly parameters of modern elements of sunflower cultivation technology. The scheme of the experiment included two grains–steam–breeding and grain–seed crop rotations with saturation in the structure of sunflower seeding 12.5%, 20% and 33.3%; three cardinally different systems of basic cultivation of the ground (filed plowing, differentiated and systems of mulching and no-till); two fertilizer systems (no fertilizers + post–harvest residues, N30–60P30–45K30–45 + post–harvest residues). All other elements of agrotechnics were standard and generally accepted for the steppe zone. The accounting of obstinacy was carried out by quantitative–weight and species–specific methods. A tendency has been observed to increase the number of weeds before the first inter–row treatment for mulching and no-till and direct sowing (10.4–15.1 pcs/m 2 ) in 1.3–1.5 times compared with the filed plowing (7, 1–12.4 pc. /m 2 ). At the time of harvesting in comparison with the spring definition, the infestation of oilseed crop under fertilized background decreased by 1.6–4.2 times; and their quantitative values were 2.6–5.2 pcs/m2 (field plowing), 4.1–8.1 (differentiated tillage), 5.5–12.4 pcs/m 2 (no-till), indicating the preservation of regularities inherent in the spring period. It was established that the air–dry weight of weeds (within the limits of individual terms of the definition) varied in versions directly proportional to the change in quantitative values, and on average slightly higher for mulching and no-till (3.8–15.7 g/m 2 ) than filed plowing (1.8–12.3 g/m 2 ). It was proved that the degree of manifestation of the active biological phase of the vaginal parasitism naturally increased with the reduction of the time interval of sunflower return in crop rotation, especially in 3–way crop rotation (33.3% sunflower) – 6.9–12.7%, that is, each sunflower field in the crop rotation – an additional resource for the accumulation of Broomrape in the soil. The increase in the degree of sunflower damage with sunflower wool (up to 11.0–12.7 pcs/100 plants) was observed on the background of deep plowing and decreased with a decrease in the depth of main cultivation in shallow and direct sowing by 6.9–7.8%, or 1.6 times as a result of the localization of the Broomrape in the ground beside the sunflower roots, which provokes its germination with its root secretions, while the seeds of Broomrape for mulching and no-till are located on the top of the soil, soil surface or plant residues, that make impossible its germination in a more dense soil in the absence of the root system of host plant (sunflower). Maximum seed yield (2.35–2.82 t/ha) was obtained in 8–crop rotation at the concentration of sunflower in the seed structure of 12.5%. Extension of the sown area to 25% and 33.3% contributed to a decrease in yields of 2.14–2.67 and 2.10–2.56 t/ha, or 8.9–5.3% and 10.0– 9.2% due to the increase in the degree and intensity of damage to plants by Broomrape. Thus, the expansion in the structure of sunflower crops to 33.3% and the minimization of the main cultivation of the soil leads to an increase in perishability by autotrophic weeds in 1.3–1.5 times, and the degree and intensity of damage by Broomrape, on the contrary, decreases on the finely treated agrofons regarding the localization of seeds in the upper layer of soil or on plant residues, which makes it impossible to germinate.

/pdf/control-of-infestation-and-distribution-of-broomrape-in-51qyeops0o.pdf

Control of infestation and distribution of Broomrape in sunflower crops of Ukrainian Steppe

The highest yields of sunflower hybrids are provided when plants are placed after surface plowing and chiseling at a depth of 25-27 cm. Reducing the depth of cultivation to 10-12 cm and direct sowing in untreated soils leads to a significant decline in sunflower yield by 20-30%. An important factor in increasing the crop yield is the use of fertilizers (N40Р60К30), which is better during the basic soil treatment in the autumn or under pre-sowing cultivation, which provides an increase in the yield of seeds at a level of 0,2-0,4 t / ha. High efficiency in the technology of sunflower growing is also provided by the use of physiologically active substances.The yield increasing from their application varies within 0,09-0,32 t / ha or 3,2-10,4%.

Reserves for increasing the yield of sunflower seeds in the ukrainian steppe

/pdf/survival-rate-of-plants-and-grain-productivity-of-buckwheat-4vfpnuabcg.pdf

Survival rate of plants and grain productivity of buckwheat depending on agrotechnical measures of cultivation

Agrotechnical measures for increasing the crop yield of sunflower in conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

I. D. Tkalich

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Reserves for increasing the yield of sunflower seeds in the ukrainian steppe

Survival rate of plants and grain productivity of buckwheat depending on agrotechnical measures of cultivation

Agrotechnical measures for increasing the crop yield of sunflower in conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine