http://mail.seedengr.com/documents/Ventilation%20performance%20prediction%20for%20buildings.pdf

Ventilation performance prediction for buildings: A method overview and recent applications

Climate change and the urgency of decarbonizing the built environment are driving technological innovation in the way we deliver thermal comfort to occupants. These changes, in turn, seem to be setting the directions for contemporary thermal comfort research. This article presents a literature review of major changes, developments, and trends in the field of thermal comfort research over the last 20 years. One of the main paradigm shift was the fundamental conceptual reorientation that has taken place in thermal comfort thinking over the last 20 years; a shift away from the physically based determinism of Fanger's comfort model toward the mainstream and acceptance of the adaptive comfort model. Another noticeable shift has been from the undesirable toward the desirable qualities of air movement. Additionally, sophisticated models covering the physics and physiology of the human body were developed, driven by the continuous challenge to model thermal comfort at the same anatomical resolution and to combine these localized signals into a coherent, global thermal perception. Finally, the demand for ever increasing building energy efficiency is pushing technological innovation in the way we deliver comfortable indoor environments. These trends, in turn, continue setting the directions for contemporary thermal comfort research for the next decades.

/pdf/progress-in-thermal-comfort-research-over-the-last-twenty-hxfkv8li8c.pdf

Progress in thermal comfort research over the last twenty years

Particle image velocimetry measurement of indoor airflow field: A review of the technologies and applications

Critical review of standards for indoor thermal environment and air quality

Natural ventilation in multi-storey buildings: Design process and review of evaluation tools

In this paper, new requirements for the characteristics of anemometers used for low-velocity measurements indoors, as well as requirements for the signal processing, are presented. The static calibration, dynamic response, and temperature compensation of the anemometers, as well as the directional sensitivity and the design of the velocity transducer, are considered, together with the period and the sampling rate of the measurements. The requirements in ASHRAE Standard 55 (1992), ASHRAE Standard 113 (1990), and ISO Standard 7726 (1985) are modified, and new requirements not considered in the current standards are developed and suggested for inclusion in future standards.

Requirements and guidelines for low-velocity measurements

The measurement of air temperature, mean air speed, and turbulence intensity is required in order to assess air distribution and draft discomfort in ventilated rooms. The measurements are also used for validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions. The uncertainty of the measurements must be known in order to perform reliable assessment and validation. At present, a low-velocity thermal anemometer (LVTA) with an omnidirectional (spherical) sensor is most often used in practice for measuring air speed due to its low price and easy and convenient operation. The accuracy of the speed measurement and of the draft risk determination can be affected by numerous factors, for example, directional sensitivity of the velocity sensor, natural convection flow generated by the heated velocity sensor, dynamic response of the anemometer, calibration of the anemometer, velocity and temperature gradients in the flow of measurement, etc. The impact of these factors can be minimized substantially by improveme...

Accuracy Limitations for Low-Velocity Measurements and Draft Assessment in Rooms

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Requirements and guidelines for low-velocity measurements

Accuracy Limitations for Low-Velocity Measurements and Draft Assessment in Rooms